《FLUORINE CHEMISTRY VOLUMDⅢ》

Fluoroacetate1

Acute Human Poisoning1

Species Variations2

Occurrence in Nature3

Chemical Factors3

Cause of Death4

Pharmacological Properties5

Essential Biochemical Lesions6

Citrate Concentration Increase9

Nature of the Inhibitor9

Evidence for Fluorocitrate12

The Sites of Inhibition15

Aconitase16

Condensing Enzyme18

Acetoacetate Formation19

Amine Acetylation20

Thiol Esters20

Transacetylases20

Phosphotransacetylase21

F-Sensitive System21

Pigeon Liver Preparation21

Other Sources21

Metabolic Mechanisms:Summary22

Structure-Toxicity Relations25

Phosphofluoridates27

Toxicity of DFP and Derivatives31

DFP Metabolism31

Studies of DFP32 Metabolism32

Enzymes Hydrolyzing DFP(DFPases)34

Acute Effects of Organofluorine Compounds in Experimental Animals37

Plan of Review38

Inhalation Toxicity39

Effects of Acute Doses of Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds39

Anesthetic Effects40

Local Anesthetics41

Mephenesin Analogs41

Sympathomimetic Amines42

Metabolic Effects of Tyrosine Analogs42

9α-Fluorocorticosteroids43

Effects of Organic Fluorine Compounds on Enzyme Systems45

Anti-Tumor Action47

Effects of Organofluorine Compounds on Microorganisms47

Antimalarials48

Fungistats48

Viruses49

Miscellaneous Pharmacological Effects of Organic Fluorides50

Rodent Repellency50

Organic Fluorine Compounds Useful as Insecticides50

Chronic Experimental Intoxication52

Miscellaneous54

Tables Table Ⅰ．Acute Fatal Intoxication Caused by Sodium Fluoroacetate55

Table Ⅱ．Acute,Nonfatal Intoxications Caused by Sodium Fluoroacetate56

Table Ⅲ．Lethal Doses of Sodium Fluoroacetate in Various Species56

Table Ⅳ．Mean Lethal Dose(LD50)of Sodium Fluoroacetate in Various Species57

Table Ⅴ．Mean Lethal Dose(LD50)of Methyl Fluoroacetate in Various Species58

Table Ⅵ．Mean Lethal Dose(LD50)of Organic Compounds Containing the C-F Link58

Table Ⅶ．Metabolic Interference in Systems Utilizing Pyruvate and Acetate67

Table Ⅷ．Increase in Citrate Concentration Due to FAc68

Table Ⅸ．Inhibition of Citrate Oxidation68

Table Ⅹ．Citric Acid Content of Rat Tissues in Vivo Following Injection of Fluoroacetate68

Table Ⅺ．The Toxicity of and Citrate Accumulation Caused by Representative Even and Odd w-Fluoro Compounds Administered to Mice69

Table Ⅻ．Comparative Toxicities of DFP,Sarin,and Tabun in the Mouse69

Table ⅩⅢ．Mean Lethal Dose(LD50)of Diisopropyl Phospho-fluoridate in Various Species70

Table ⅩⅣ．Mean Lethal Dose(LD50)of Organic Fluorophos-phate Compounds71

Table ⅩⅤ．Hydrolysis of Diisopropyl Phosphofluoridate by Tissue Extracts72

Table ⅩⅥ．Acute Doses of Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds in Various Species72

Table ⅩⅦ．Approximate Lethal Concentration of Fire Extin-guisher Compounds in Order of Increasing Toxicity89

Table ⅩⅧ．Toxic Effects of Fluorocarbons by Inhalation89

Table ⅩⅨ．Miscellaneous Effects of Fluorine-Containing Or-ganic Compounds92

Table ⅩⅩ．Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds Tested for Anesthetic Properties114

Table ⅩⅪ．Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Activities of Fluorocorticosteroids120

Table ⅩⅫ．Effects of Fluorine-Containing Compounds on Enzyme Systems121

Table ⅩⅩⅢ．Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds Tested as Tumor Inhibitors in the Mouse128

Table ⅩⅩⅣ．Effects of Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds Upon Microorganisms131

Table ⅩⅩⅤ．Fluorine-Containing Compounds Tested as Anti-malarial Agents140

Table ⅩⅩⅥ．Additional Fluorine-Containing Compounds Tested as Antimalarials147

Table ⅩⅩⅦ．Effects of Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds upon Fungi148

Table ⅩⅩⅧ．Breaking Strength of Cotton Thread Treated with Fungicides and Exposed 14 Days to Mycothecium verrucario150

Table ⅩⅩⅨ．Repellency Index for Rats of Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds151

Table ⅩⅩⅩ．Activity of Difluorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DFDT)against Pests152

Table ⅩⅩⅪ．Activity of Miscellaneous Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds against Pests154

Table ⅩⅩⅫ．Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds Tested as Plant Growth Regulators167

Table ⅩⅩⅩⅢ．Experimental Chronic Intoxication in the Rat Produced by Fluorine-Containing Organic Com-pounds170

Table ⅩⅩⅩⅣ．Organ Systems of the Rat Affected in Chronic In-toxication Produced by Fluorine-Containing Organic Compounds178

References185

Bibliographical Supplement(1959-1961)218

Subject Index229