《A Communicative Grammar of English》

ContentsTo the student10

To the teacher11

SymbolsNote on phonetic symbols17

Part One Varieties of English 1-3019

Part Two Intonation 31-4333

Part Three Grammar in use 44-45141

Section A Concepts 44-24343

Referring to objects,substances and materials 44-5343

Abstractions 54-5646

Amount or quantity 57-6848

Definite and indefinite meaning 69-9052

Relations between ideas expressed by nouns 91-9859

Resirictive and non-restrictivs meaning 99-10262

Time,tense and aspect 103-13963

Time-when 140-15076

Duration 151-15679

Frequency 157-16081

Place,direction and distance 161-19182

Manner,means and instrument 192-19691

Cause,reason and purpose 197-20793

Condition and contrast 208-21696

Degree 217-22699

Role,standard and viewpoint 227-228103

Comparison 229-237104

Addition,exception and restriction 238-242107

Subject matter:about and on 243109

Section B Information,reality and belief 244-306110

Statements,questions and responses 244-258110

Omission of information 259-263116

Raported statements and questions 264-268117

Denial and affirmation 269-277120

Agreement and disagreement 278-282123

Fact,hypothesis and neutrality 283-291124

Degrees of likelihood 292-301128

Attitudes to truth 302-306132

Secion C Mood,emotion and attitude 307-365134

Emotive emphasis in speech 308-320134

Describing emotions 321-333137

Volition 334-339141

Permission and obligation 340-344143

Influencing people 345-356145

Friendly communications 357-363151

Vocatives 364-365155

Section D Meanings in connected discourse 366-51156

Linking signals 367-374156

Linking constructions 375-385158

'General purpose'links 386-389160

Substitution and omission 390-409162

Presenting and focusing information 410-424169

Order and emphasis 425-451175

Part Four Grammatical Compendium 452-886187

Adjective patterns 452-455189

Adjectives 456-460192

Adjective or adverb? 461-463195

Adjectives as heads 464-467196

Adverbials 468-479197

Adverbs 480-488202

Apposition 489-491204

Articles 492-496205

Auxiliary verbs 497-503207

Case 504211

Clauses 505-517211

Cleft sentences 518-519215

Commands 520-521216

Comment clauses 522216

Comparison 523-528217

Complements 529-531220

Concord 532-541220

Coordination 542-547223

Demonstratives 548-549225

Determiners 550-567225

Exclamations 568230

Gender 569230

Genitive 570-577230

Interrogatives 578-583233

Introductory it 584-589235

Introductory there 590-594236

Irregular verbs 595-616238

Main verbs 617-626242

Nationality words 627-628244

Negation 629-636246

Nominal clauses 637-650248

Noun phrases 651-653251

Number 654-659252

Numerals 660-669253

Objects 670-671256

Operators 672-675256

Passives 676-682257

Personal and reflexive pronouns 683-695259

Phrasal and prepositional verbs 696-703263

Plurals 704-718266

Postmodifiers 719-730268

Premodifiers 731-738271

Prepositional phrases 739-743273

Prepositions and prepositional adverbs 744-746274

Pronouns 747-749275

Pronunciation of endings 750-754276

Proper nouns 755-764277

Quantifiers 765-776279

Questions 777-781283

Reciprocal pronouns 782285

Relative clauses 783-796285

Sentences 797-802288

Some-words and any-words 803-807289

Spelling changes 808-821291

Subjects 822293

Subjunctives 823-825294

Subordination 826-834294

Verb patterns 835-872297

Verb phrases 873-883303

Word-classes 884-886306

Index310