《ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS》

1.PROPERTIES OF IONIZING SOLVENTS1

2.BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS23

3.THE STATE OF THE SOLUTE IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS48

4.IONIC DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND THE POTENTIAL72

5.THE MEASUREMENT OF CONDUCTIVITIES AND TRANS-PORT NUMBERS87

6.THE LIMITING MOBILITIES OF IONS113

7.THE VARIATION OF CONDUCTIVITIES AND TRANSPORT NUMBERS WITH CONCENTRATION128

8.THE MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL POTENTIALS172

9.THE THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF CHEMICAL POTENTIALS222

10.THE MEASUREMENT OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS262

11.THE THEORY OF DIFFUSION OF ELECTROLYTES293

12.WEAK ELECTROLYTES330

13.THE ’STRONG’ ACIDS359

14.ION ASSOCIATION381

15.THE THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXED ELECTROLYTES421

APPENDICES447

INDEX509

LIST OF APPENDICES447

1.1 and 1.2Physical Properties of Water and other Solvents447

2.1 Relation between Activities and Mean Activity Coefficients449

3.1 Table of Ionic Radii450

5.1 Specific Conductivities of Potassium Chloride Solutions451

6.1 Limiting Equivalent Conductivities at 25° in Water452

6.2 Limiting Equivalent Conductivities of Ions in Water at Various Temperatures454

7.1 Values of Constants in Conductivity Equations for Aqueous 1∶1 Electrolytes455

8.1 Values of k=2·3026RT/F456

8.2 Standard Potentials of Cells(Molality Scale)457

8.3 Water Activities,Molal Osmotic Coefficients,Molal Activity Coefficients,and Relative Molal Vapour Pressure Lowerings of Sodium and Potassium Chloride Solutions at 25°461

8.4 Water Activities,Molal Osmotic Coefficients,and Molal Activity Coefficients of Sulphuric Acid Solutions at 25°462

8.5 Water Activities,Molal Osmotic Coefficients and Molal Activity Coefficients of Calcium Chloride Solutions at 25°463

8.6 Water Activities,Molal Osmotic Coefficients and Molal Activity Coefficients of Sucrose Solutions at 25°463

8.7 Molal Activity Coefficients at the Temperature of the Freezing-point of the Solution464

8.8 Molal Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Bromide Between 60° and 100° from Measurement of the Boiling-point Elevation465

8.9 Molal Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes at Concentrations up to 0·1 M and at temperatures other than the freezing-point466

8.10Molal Osmotic Coefficients of Electrolytes at 25°:468

1∶1 Electrolytes,Tables 1-3468

2∶1 Electrolytes,Tables 4-6471

1∶2 Electrolytes,Table 6473

2∶2 and 3∶1 Electrolytes,Table 7474

Higher Valency Types,Table 8475

Mean Molal Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes at 25°:476

1∶1 Electrolytes,Tables 9-12476

2∶1 Electrolytes,Tables 13-14482

1∶2 Electrolytes,Table 15486

2∶2 and 3∶1 Electrolytes,Tables 16-17487

Higher Valency Types,Table 18488

Osmotic and Activity Coefficients at Higher Concentrations at 25°,Table 19489

8.11Concentrations of Solutions giving Specified Water Activities at 25°;Water Activities of Saturated Solutions at 25°490

9.1 Numerical Values of Some Functions in the Debye-Hückel Equations491

10.1 Values of the Function ez2 (Eq.10.20)at Round Values of f(z)492

10.2 Airy Integral Refinement of the ’Quarter-wave’ Approximation for the Interference Conditions493

11.1 Diffusion Coefficients of Dilute Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions494

11.2 Diffusion Coefficients of Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions at 25°(Units 10-5cm2 sec-1)495

12.1Molality-scale Dissociation Constants(as pКa Values)of Weak Electrolytes,and their Temperature-variation:496

Tables 1-4(Aqueous Solutions)496

Table 5(Mixed Solvents)504

12.2 Ionization Constants of Water506

12.3 pH of some Standard Solutions506

14.1 Values of the Definite Integral Q(b) in Equation(14.2)507

14.2 Limiting Equivalent Conductivities and Dissociation Constants of some Salts in Organic Solvents at 25°508