《The Shipbrokers‘Manual Volume 1》

CHAPTER 1.AN EXAMINER'S VIEW OF CANDIDATES1

CHAPTER 2.SALE OF GOODS4

-Conditions5

-Warranties5

-The doctrine of "caveat emptor"6

-Terms of a contract6

-Express terms6

-Implied terms6

-By example7

-Contracts for the sale of goods7

-Property7

-Goods7

-Pice7

-Performance of the contract8

-Acceptance by the buyer9

-Rights of the buyer9

-In the event of non-delivery9

-For breach of condition9

-For breach of warranty10

-Delivery to a carrier10

-Delivery of wrong quantities10

-General Rules10

-Rights of seller10

-Rights of an unpaid seller against the goods11

-Unpaid seller11

-Property which has not passed to buyer11

-Property which has passed to buyer11

-Lien12

-A lien is lost when12

-The seller may exercise a lien12

-Stoppage in transit12

-How stoppage in transit is effected13

-Transit ceases when13

-When does the "property" pass?14

-Terms of sale15

-incoterms15

-C.I.F.(cost, insurance, freight)16

-Ex works17

-F.A.S.(free alongside ship)18

-F.O.B, (free on board)19

CHAPTER 3.CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT 1924.THE HAGUE RULES21

-General features22

-coasting trade22

-Live animals22

--Deck cargo22

-Particular goods22

--Voyages covered23

--Seawortmness23

--From loading to discharge23

-Obligation to issue a bill of lading23

-Obligations of the shipper24

-General Average24

--DEviation24

--Limitation of liability24

-Dangerous goods25

-Notice of loss or damage25

-Exemptions from liability25

-Time limit for bringing suit26

-Benefit of insurance clause26

-Bulk cargoes26

-RULES RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING26

CHAPTER 4.CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT 1971.THE HAGUE-V1SBY RULES33

CHAPTER 5.THE BILLS OF LADING ACT 185536

CHAPTER 6.THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF GENERAL AVERAGE39

-York-Antwerp Rules39

-Principles of General Average40

-Examples of General Average41

-THE PRACTICE OF GENERAL AVERAGE42

-General Average "Declaration"42

-General Average security43

--Average Bonds 43

-Underwriters'guarantees43

--Cash deposits48

-General Average adjustment and settlement48

--Cargo values48

-General Average settlement49

-General Average (Vessels in Ballast)49

CHAPTER 7.THE ROLE OF THE P.＆ I.CLUBS50

-Crew members, etc51

-Cargo52

-Fines52

-Contractual liabilities52

Wreck removal53

CHAPTER 8, DRY CARGO CHARTER-PARTIES54

-Main types54

-Time charter-party54

-Voyage charter-party54

-Demise charter-party54

-Time charter-party (Specimen for discussion-"Baltime 1939")55

-The Voyage charter-party (The Gencon)60

CHAPTER 9.PASSENGER CONTRACTS67

-The nature of the contract67

-Original legal thinking on the passage contract67

-How the law developed67

-Continuing development68

-The Hollingsworth case68

-The Occupier's Liability Act 195768

-No common law warranty of seaworthiness68

-Recent developments68

(a) The Unfair Contract Terms Act 197768

(b) The Athens Convention69

-Main intent and provisions of the Convention69

CHAPTER 10.LIMITATION OF LIABILITY70

- Original idea70

-The Limitation Fund74

-Interest rates74

-The position where tug and tow seek to limit74

CHAPTER 11.THE ROLE OF THE MASTER77

-1.The Manager of a Commercial Enterprise77

(i) Relationship between the master and crew77

(ii) Port health and Customs78

(iii) Contracts of affreightment79

(iv) Marine Insurance and General Average80

(V) Salvage80

(vi)Pollution81

-2.The Safety Officer81

(i) Safety on board ship81

(ii) Health and welfare82

iii)Cargoes83

(iv) Loading of ships83

(v) Unseaworthy ship84

(vi) Seamanship and navigation84

-3.The Law Officer84

-Prosecution86

-Master's powers of arrest86

CHAPTER 12.ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION87

-Introductory87

-Claims under the Supreme Court Act 1981, s.20(1)87

-In personam jurisdiction90

-In rem jurisdiction94

-Liens, maritime and statutory95

-Limitation of actions97

-Limitation of liability98

-Collision claims and the Both-to-BIame Clause101

-Salvage103

CHAPTER 13.OWNERSHIP AND REGISTRATION OF BRITISH SHIPS105

-Registrable ships105

-Nationality106

-British-controlled foreign ships108

-Foreign ships108

-The mechanics of registration108

-Alteration and termination of registration110

-Owners, managing owners and the ship's husband111

-Transfer, transmission and mortgage of ships112

CHAPTER 14.INTRODUCTION TO MARITIME ARBITRATION114

CHAPTER 15.THE SHIPOWNER AS EMPLOYER121

-Introduction121

-The seafarer's contract of employment121

-Crew agreements and crew lists122

-Discharge and discharge books123

-Wages123

-Repatriation124

-Health, safety and welfare124

-Manning and certification127

-Discipline128

-Industrial action and trade unions131

-Discrimination132

-Redundancy payments and unfair dismissal134

CHAPTER 16.CONFLICT OF LAWS137

-General137

-Express choice of law138

-Inferred choice of law: Arbitration clauses139

-The objective proper law of the contract139

-Proof of foreign law140

-Judgments in foreign currency140

CHAPTER 17.SEAWORTHINESS141

-The function of seaworthiness in maritime law141

-A general definition of seaworthiness141

-Carriage of goods by sea143

-Seaworthiness under a voyage charter-party146

-Seaworthiness under a time charter-party148

-Seaworthiness under a bill of lading150

-Exceptions and limitations: The Hague Rules and the Hamburg Rules150

-Seaworthiness in policies of marine insurance152

-Seaworthiness in public maritime law154

CHAPTER 18.DAMAGES IN SHIPPING CONTRACTS155

-General rules155

-Remoteness155

-Mitigation156

-Penalties, liquidated damages, demurrage and dispatch money157

-Damages for failure to load158

-Damages for failure to carry or to carry safely159

-Limitation, limitation clauses and exemption clauses160

INDEX164