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CHAPTER1

SOME REMARKS ABOUT THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WRITING1

The Meaning of Composition1

CONTENTS1

CHAPTER2

Why Do We Write?2

Why We Often Don't Write Well?3

CHAPTER3

CHAPTER4

CHAPTER5

CHAPTER6

What Are the Accepted Principles of Composition?6

Nine Steps in Good Composition Work7

Principles According to Usage10

The Importance of Making Outlines12

Rules for Outlines12

GENERAL PLANS FOR COMPOSITIONS ON DE-SCRIPTION16

Description17

1．The Elephant19

2．A Walk along the Seashore21

3．An Old House23

1．Birds25

Some Descriptive Compositions to be An-alyzed by Students25

2．Pleasures of the Country26

3．Parts of a Plant27

4．The Mosquito28

Descriptive Compositions for Students to Complete30

1．The Fox31

2．Railways31

3．The Candles32

4．Postman33

5．The Life of a Farmer34

6．The Wagon and Its Crew35

7．Matthias the King36

8．Norcombe Hill at Night38

9．Sir Roger De Coverely in Church40

10．Our Country Life42

2．The Rain-Fall44

Outlines for Descriptive Compositions44

1．The Spring Season44

3．The Horse44

4．The Sheep45

6．The Water45

5．The Air We Breathe45

9．Airships46

8．The Great Wall of China46

7．The Snow Mountain46

10．The Football Game47

Subjects for Compositions47

1．Keeping One's Clothes in Order47

2．Scenes in a School Library48

3．A Department Store48

4．The Sights of a Wharf48

5．My Ideal Garden48

6．Spring Time on the Campus48

8．The Pedestrian and the Automobile Rider49

10．Social Life in a Big Town49

7．The Theatre in My Home Town49

9．The Freshman in the College(or High School)49

GENERAL PLANS FOR COMPOSITIONS ON NAR-RATION50

Narration51

The Method of Narration52

1．A Journey by Rail53

2．Sir Napier's Campaign in Upper Scinde55

Description in Narration56

A Warning in the Use of Description58

1．A Sailor's Life59

Narrative Compositions to be Analyzed by Students59

2．Where to Spend a Holiday60

3．A Fire61

4．The Battle of Waterloo62

Narrative Compositions for Students to Complete64

1．Going through a Coal Mine64

2．The Story of the Paper65

3．On Being a Policeman66

4．The English Lark67

5．Sojourn in Saloma68

6．Harold Skimpole69

7．A Longing for the Night70

8．Baby Sylvester72

9．An Adventure with a Tiger73

10．A Collision at Sea74

1．My Visitors75

Outlines for Narrative Compositions75

3．Pleasures of the Country76

2．Lakes in China76

4．Different Methods of Lighting77

5．A Walk in the Country77

6．My Holiday Periods77

8．A Typical Chinese Hero78

7．Catching a Thief at Night78

9．Chinese Birds79

10．My Daily Routine79

Subjects for Compositions79

4．The Moving Picture in the City80

7．The Westerner in the East80

6．At a Wedding Ceremony80

5．My Experience in Riding a Horse80

3．The Horse Race80

2．A Street Parade80

1．Running a Book-Store80

8．Chinese Literature81

9．Going on a Journey by Rickshaw81

10．Inviting a Company of Guests81

GENERAL PLANS FOR COMPOSITIONS ON EX-POSITION82

Exposition83

What Exposition Is84

Uses of Exposition85

The Objects of Exposition85

Suggested Methods of Exposition87

1．The Oak Tree88

2．Making an Ant's Nest89

Some Expository Compositions to be An-alyzed by Students91

1．The Forces of Nature91

2．The Lungs92

3．Two Classes of Books93

4．Creative Education94

Expository Compositions for Students to Complete96

1．Winds96

2．The Food We Eat(flesh)97

3．Fresh Vegetables98

4．The Right Use of Money99

5．The Principle of the Steam-Engine100

6．The Value of Humour102

7．The Circulation of the Blood in Veins103

8．The Story of the Silkworm104

9．Little Things106

Outlines for Expository Compositions107

1．On Wars107

2．The Value of Politeness108

3．The Earthenware108

4．Human Kindness to Animals109

5．Honesty among Students109

6．The Value of College Education109

7．How my Health is Improved110

9．Learning a Foreign Language110

8．How to Earn Money110

3．The Poverty Problem in China111

Subjects for Compositions111

10．Secret Societies in High School111

1．My Experience as a Student111

2．The Future Outlook of Chinese Women111

9．Following the Fashions112

10．The Influence of the Chinese Tea-shops112

4．The Political Condition in China112

8．The Conservation of Forests in China112

7．The Influence of Chinese Theatres on People112

6．The Development of Chinese In-dustries112

5．Is the Western Learning Doing China Good?112

GENERAL PLANS FOR COMPOSITIONS on ARGU-MENTATION113

What Argumentation Is for114

Argumentation114

The Uses of Argumentation115

The Requisites of Argumentation116

Argumentation and Persuasion116

The Principles of Persuasion117

How It Is Done117

Examples of Induction and Deduction119

1．How Daniel Webster Found J.Knapp was Guilty119

2．Theology in University121

1．King George Ⅲ and America122

Some Argumentative Compositions for Students to Analyze122

2．Cultivation of the Intellect123

3．What to Do with the American Colonies124

4．Nation's Responsibility about People's Education125

Argumentative Compositions for Students to Complete125

1．The Future of Our Country126

2．Law and Order are the Basis of All True Freedom127

3．On Conviction of High Treason129

4．A Vindication130

5．Hero-Worship132

6．The Liberty of the Press133

7．Liberty of the Individual134

8．What Has America Done135

9．Direct and Indirect Taxation136

10．The Question of Copyright138

Outlines For Argumentative Compositions139

1．The Intelligence of Animals139

2．The Bad Influence of Strikes139

3．Abolishment of Capital Punishment140

4．Kingship in Modern States140

5．Some Dangers of Party Government141

6．Profit Sharing as a Cure for Labor Troubles141

9．The Optimist's View of the World142

8．Trade Unions under Proper Manage-ment142

7．Getting Rich by Honest Methods142

10．Proper Aims of Municipal Tramways143

Subjects for Compositions143

1．The Value of an Official Rank144

2．The Question of Smoking by Youth in China144

3．The Family Ties in China144

4．On Getting up Early144

5．How a Girl May Earn Money144

6．The Uses of Old Books144

7．The Problem of Child Labor144

10．The Value of Co-Education145

9．The Abandoned Farms145

8．The High Cost of Living145

SOME STUDIES ON ESSAY WRITING146

1．Storing Information146

2．The Value of Imagination150

3．The Use of Illustrations154

4．The Importance of Style157

5．The Familiar Essay161

Familiar Essays164

(1)Born out of Time164

(2)The Wisdom of Foolishness168

(3)The Lier in Bed171

(4)Fishes'Faces176

(5)Interest in the Uninteresting179