《Table 1 Recommendations for various vaccines in kidney transplant recipients》

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《Vaccinations in kidney transplant recipients: Clearing the muddy waters》

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1Re-vaccination required if last vaccination was 10-15 years prior.MMR:Measles，mumps，rubella；TdaP:Tetanus toxoid，reduced diphtheria toxoid，acellular pertussis，Td:Tetanus diphtheria.

Preferably，patients should receive key vaccinations at least four weeks prior to undergoing transplantation but it may not be practical for area-specific travel vaccines for endemic diseases，especially，if travel plans are made post-transplantation.Some experts recommend restriction of travel within the first 12 mo post-transplantation[71].During each physician encounter，specific questions should be asked about travel plans and referred to travel clinics ideally 12 wk prior to travel so that there is enough time for administration of required pre-travel vaccines，serological testing and additional boosters[45].If travel is anticipated to endemic areas，then the recommended vaccinations are given in addition to routine vaccinations as listed in Table 1[45，64].Since yearly influenza vaccine strains differ between different hemispheres and influenza seasons are in months of October-March in Northern hemisphere，April-September for southern hemisphere and all-year round in tropics，the ACIP recommends two vaccinations with hemisphere-specific trivalent influenza vaccines four weeks apart in immunocompromised patients crossing the hemispheres[72].