《Table 1ICP analysis of gold entrapment in hybrid CPT/gold nanocrystals.》

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《Preparation and characterization of multimodal hybrid organic and inorganic nanocrystals of camptothecin and gold》

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The percent entrapment of gold in the camptothecin nanocrystals was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optically emission spectrometry（ICP-OES）34.Relative to the amount of the starting material，8.11%and 1.31%of gold atoms and chloroauric acid（Table 1），respectively，were present in the hybrid nanocrystals.The reduction process allows neutral gold clusters to form quickly and to be entrapped to the camptothecin nanocrystals.On the other hand，chloroaurate incorporation may be relatively limited due to its ionized state in the solution and the need to bind a counter ion（most likely，proton）prior to the entrapment.As such，more gold atoms were integrated in the CPT nanocrystals（Table 1）.Note that these nanocrystals were vigorously washed under sonication and re-filtered for multiple times，so the majority of quantified gold atoms or ions were imbedded as chemical impurity as defects in the crystal structure.The same phenomenon is observed routinely in the nature.Colored diamonds and gemstones originated when impurities are trapped in the lattice defects.Interestingly enough，in the case of colored diamond，impurities（e.g.，N）can still be introduced in the exceptionally strong diamond's lattice.Because of the rapid nucleation and growth，the CPT nanocrystals may have more crystal defects and thus incorporate more gold atoms/ions and their clusters.