《Documentary credits Documentary Bank quarantees》求取 ⇩

Contents8

Ⅰ Risk and security in international trade8

New reallties8

The risks10

The need for security11

Summary of instr？ents for securing pay？ent15

Summary of instr？ents for securing performance18

Ⅱ The classie instruments for securing paymentDocumentary credits22

1．Estabiishment of the credit terms25

1.1．Basic rorms of documentary credits25

1.2．Types of credit and special arrangements34

2．Opening of the credit55

2.1．Credit application56

2.2．Notification of the issue of the credit66

2.3．Advice or confirmation to the beneficiary66

3．Utilization of the credit71

3.1．Documents72

3.2．Discrepancies in the documents87

3.3．Settlement87

Documentary collections90

1．Establishment of the terms of collection94

2．Issue of the collection order and transmission of the documents95

2.1．Checking the docuntents102

2.2．Forwarding the documents to the collecting bank102

3．Presentation of the documents and settlement102

Glossary105

Ⅲ Instruments for securing performance112

Why are they needed？112

Bank guarantees115

1．How do bank guarantees work？118

2．Issue of a bank guarantee119

4.1．Tender bond121

4．Principal types of guarantees121

3．Claiming ander a bank guarantee121

4.2．Performance bond123

4.3．Advance payment guarantee125

5．Basis in law127

6．Consortium operations127

7．Other types of guarantee129

8．Costs130

Appendix：Glossary of terms131

Ⅳ Security of performance cembined with security of paymentAn example134

Appendix：Index137

Bibliography139