《软件工程Java语言实现 英文版·第4版》求取 ⇩

PART 1 Introduction to the Software Process3

PART 1 Introduction to the Software Process3

Prologue 13

Prologue 13

CHAPTER 1 Scope of Software Engineering5

CHAPTER 1 Scope of Software Engineering5

1.1 Historical Aspects6

1.2 Economic Aspects9

1.3 Maintenance Aspects10

1.4 Specification and Design Aspects14

1.5 Team Programming Aspects16

1.6 The Object-Oriented Paradigm17

1.7 Terminology22

Chapter Review24

For Further Reading25

Problems26

References27

CHAPTER 2 The Software Process and Its Problems30

CHAPTER 2 The Software Process and Its Problems30

2.1 Client,Developer,and User32

2.2 Requirements Phase33

2.2.1 Requirements Phase Testing34

2.3 Specification Phase35

2.3.1 Specification Phase Testing36

2.4 Planning Phase36

2.4.1 Planning Phase Testing37

2.5 Design Phase38

2.6.1 Implementation Phase Testing39

2.6 Implementation Phase39

2.5.1 Design Phase Testing39

2.7 Integration Phase40

2.7.1 Integration Phase Testing40

2.8 Maintenance Phase41

2.8.1 Maintenance Phase Testing42

2.9 Retirement42

2.10 Problems with Software Production:Essence and Accidents43

20.10.1 Complexity44

20.10.2 Conformity46

20.10.3 Changeability47

20.10.4 Invisibility48

20.10.5 No Silver Bullet?49

Chapter Review50

For Further Reading50

Problems51

References52

CHAPTER 3 Software Life-Cycle Models53

CHAPTER 3 Software Life-Cycle Models53

3.2 Waterfall Model54

3.2.1 Analysis of the Waterfall Model57

3.3 Rapid Prototyping Model59

3.3.1 Integrating the Waterfall and Rapid Prototyping Models61

3.4 Incremental Model61

3.4.1 Analysis of the Incremental Model63

3.5 Spiral Model66

3.5.1 Analysis of the Spiral Model70

3.6 Comparison of Life-Cycle Models71

3.7 Capability Maturity Model71

3.8 ISO 900075

Chapter Review76

For Further Reading77

Problems78

References78

CHAPTER 4 Stepwise Refinement,CASE,and Other Tools of the Trade82

CHAPTER 4 Stepwise Refinement,CASE,and Other Tools of the Trade82

4.1 Stepwise Refinement82

4.1.1 Stepwise Refinement Example83

4.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis89

4.3 CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering)90

4.3.1 Taxonomy of CASE90

4.4 Scope of CASE92

4.5.1 Revisions96

4.5 Software Versions96

4.5.2 Variations97

4.6 Configuration Control98

4.6.1 Configuration Control during Product Maintenance100

4.6.2 Baselines101

4.6.3 Configuration Control during Product Development101

4.7 Build Tools102

4.8 Productivity Gains with CASE Technology103

4.9 Software Metrics103

For Further Reading105

Chapter Review105

Problems106

References108

CHAPTER 5 Testing Principles110

CHAPTER 5 Testing Principles110

5.1 Quality Issues111

5.1.1 Software Quality Assurance111

5.1.2 Managerial Independence112

5.2 Nonexecution-Based Testing113

5.2.1 Walkthroughs113

5.2.2 Managing Walkthroughs114

5.2.3 Inspections115

5.2.4 Comparison of Inspections and Walkthroughs117

5.2.5 Metrics for Inspections118

5.3 Execution-Based Testing118

5.4 What Should Be Tested?119

5.4.2 Reliability120

5.4.1 Utility120

5.4.3 Robustness121

5.4.4 Performance121

5.4.5 Correctness122

5.5 Testing versus Correctness Proofs124

5.5.1 Example of acorrectness Proof124

5.5.2 Correctness Proof Case Study128

5.5.3 Correctness Proofs and Software Engineering129

5.6 Who Should Perform Execution-Based Testing?131

5.7 When Testing Stops133

Chapter Review134

For Further Reading134

Problems135

References137

CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Objects140

CHAPTER 6 Introduction to Objects140

6.1 What Is a Module?140

6.2 Cohesion144

6.2.1 Coincidental Cohesion145

6.2.2 Logical Cohesion145

6.2.3 Temporal Cohesion146

6.2.4 Procedural Cohesion147

6.2.6 Informational Cohesion148

6.2.5 Communicational Cohesion148

6.2.7 Functional Cohesion149

6.2.8 Cohesion Example150

6.3 Coupling151

6.3.1 Content Coupling151

6.3.2 Common Coupling151

6.3.3 Control Coupling154

6.3.4 Stamp Coupling154

6.3.5 Data Coupling155

6.3.6 Coupling Example156

6.4 Data Encapsulation157

6.4.1 Data Encapsulation and Product Development161

6.4.2 Data Encapsulation and Product Maintenance163

6.5 Abstract Data Types166

6.6 Information Hiding168

6.7 Objects171

6.8 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding175

6.9 Cohesion and Coupling of Objects177

6.10 Reuse178

6.10.1 Impediments to Reuse179

6.11 Reuse Case Studies180

6.11.1 Raytheon Missile Systems Division180

6.11.2 Toshiba Software Factory182

6.11.3 NASA Software183

6.11.4 GTE Data Services184

6.11.5 Hewlett-Packard184

6.12 Reuse and Maintenance185

6.13 Objects and Productivity186

Chapter Review188

For Further Reading188

Problems189

References191

PART 2 The Phases of the Software Process192

PART 2 The Phases of the Software Process195

CHAPTER 7 Requirements Phase197

CHAPTER 7 Requirements Phase197

7.1 Requirements Analysis Techniques198

7.2 Rapid Prototyping199

7.3 Human Factors201

7.4 Rapid Prototyping as a Specification Technique203

7.5 Reusing the Rapid Prototype205

7.6 Other Uses of Rapid Profotyping207

7.7 Management Implications of the Rapid Prototyping Model208

7.8 Experiences with Rapid Prototyping209

7.9 Joint Application Design211

7.10 Comparison of Requirements Analysis Techniques211

7.11 Testing during the Requirements Phase212

7.12 CASE Tools for the Requirements Phase212

7.13 Metrics for the Requirements Phase213

7.14 MSG Case Study:Requirements Phase214

7.15 MSG Case Study:Rapid Prototype216

Chapter Review217

For Further Reading218

Problems219

References220

8.1 The Specification Document222

CHAPTER 8 Specificaton Phase222

CHAPTER 8 Specification Phase222

8.2 Informal Specifications224

8.2.1 Case Study:Text Processing225

8.3.1 Sally s Software Shop226

8.3 Structured Systems Analysis226

8.4 Other Semiformal Techniques234

8.5 Entity-Relationship Modeling235

8.6 Finite State Machines237

8.6.1 Elevator Problem:Finite State Machines239

8.7 Petri Nets244

8.7.1 Elevator Problem:Petri Nets247

8.8 Z250

8.8.1 Elevator Problem:Z251

8.8.2 Analysis of Z253

8.9 Other Formal Techniques255

8.10 Comparison of Specification Techniques256

8.11 Testing during the Specification Phase256

8.12 CASE Tools for the Specification Phase257

8.13 Metrics for the Specification Phase258

8.14 MSG Case Study:Structured Systems Analysis258

Chapter Review260

For Further Reading261

Problems262

References264

CHAPTER 9 Object-Oriented Analysis Phase268

9.1 Object-Oriented versus Structured Paradigm268

CHAPTER 9 Object-Oriented Analysis Phase268

9.2 Object-Oriented Analysis270

9.3 Elevator Problem:Object-Oriented Analysis272

9.3.1 Class Modeling272

9.3.2 Dynamic Modeling275

9.3.3 Functional Modeling278

9.4 Object-Oriented Life-Cycle Models280

9.5 CASE Tools for the Object-Oriented Analysis Phase282

9.6 MSG Case Study:Object-Oriented Analysis283

Chapter Review286

For Further Reading286

Problems288

References289

CHAPTER 10 Planning Phase291

10.1 Estimating Duration and Cost291

CHAPTER 10 Planning Phase291

10.1.1 Metrics for the Size of a Product293

10.1.2 Techniques of Cost Estimation297

10.1.3 Intermediate COCOMO299

10.1.4 Tracking Duration and Cost Estimates303

10.2 Components of a Software Project Management Plan303

10.3 Software Project Management Plan Framework305

10.4 IEEE Software Project Management Plan305

10.5 Planning of Testing308

10.6 Planning of Object-Oriented Projects310

10.7 Training Requirements310

10.8 Documentation Standards311

10.9 CASE Tools for the Planning Phase312

Chapter Review315

10.11 MSG Case Study:Planning Phase315

10.10 Testing during the Planning Phase315

For Further Reading316

Problems317

Refrences318

CHAPTER 11 Design Phase322

11.1 Design and Abstraction322

CHAPTER 11 Design Phase322

11.2 Action-Oriented Design324

11.3 Data Flow Analysis324

11.3.1 Data Flow Analysis Example325

11.4 Transaction Analysis329

11.3.2 Extensions329

11.5 Data-Oriented Design332

11.6 Jackson System Development333

11.6.1 Overview of Jackson System Development333

11.6.2 Why Jackson System Development Is Presented in This Chapter335

11.6.3 Elevator Problem:Jackson System Development336

11.6.4 Analysis of Jackson System Development344

11.7 Techniques of Jackson ,Wamier,and Orr345

11.8 Object-Oriented Design346

11.8.1 Elevator Problem:Object-Oriented Design347

11.9 Detailed Design350

11.10 Comparison of Action-,Data-,and Object-Oriented Design352

11.11 Difficulties Associated with Real-Time Systems353

11.12 Real-Time Design Techniques354

11.13 Testing during the Design Phase355

11.14 CASE Tools for the Design Phase356

11.15 Metrics for the Design Phase357

11.16 MSG Case Study:Object-Oriented Design358

Chapter Review359

For Further Reading361

Problems363

References364

12.1 Choice of Programming Language368

CHAPTER 12 Implementation Phase368

CHAPTER 12 Implementation Phase368

12.2 Fourth Generation Languages372

12.3.1 History of Structured Programming375

12.3 Structured Programming375

12.3.2 Why the goto Statement Is Considered Harmful377

12.4 Good Programming Practice378

12.5 Coding Standards383

12.6 Team Organization385

12.7 Democratic Team Approach387

12.7.1 Analysis of the Democratic Team Approach388

12.8 Classical Chief Programmer Team Approach388

12.8.1 The New York Times Project390

12.8.2 Impracticality of the Classical Chief Programmer Team Approach391

12.9 Beyond Chief Programmer and Democratic Teams392

12.10 Portability396

12.10.1 Hardware Incompatibilities396

12.10.2 Operating System Incompatibilities398

12.10.3 Numerical Software Incompatibilities398

12.10.4 Compiler Incompatibilities399

12.11 Why Portability?402

12.12 Techniques for Achieving Portability404

12.12.1 Portable System Software404

12.12.2 Portable Application Software405

12.12.3 Portable Data406

12.13 Module Reuse407

12.14 Module Test Case Selection407

12.14.1 Testing to Specifications versus Testing to Code408

12.14.2 Feasibility of Testing to Specifications408

12.14.3 Feasibility of Testing to Code409

12.15 Black-Box Module-Testing Techniques411

12.15.1 Equivalence Testing and Boundary Value Analysis411

12.15.2 Functional Testing413

12.16 Glass-Box Module-Testing Techniques414

12.16.1 Structural Testing:Statement,Branch,and Path Coverage414

12.16.2 Complexity Metrics415

12.17 Code Walkthroughs and Inspections418

12.18 Comparison of Module-Testng Techniques418

12.19 Cleanroom419

12.20 Testing Objects420

12.21 Management Aspects of Module-Testing423

12.21.1 When to Rewrite Rather Than Debug a Module424

12.22 Testing Distributed Software425

12.23 Testing Real-Time Software427

12.24 CASE Tools for the Implementation Phase429

12.25 MSG Case Study:Black-Box Test Cases429

Chapter Review431

For Further Reading431

Problems433

References435

CHAPTER 13 Implementation and Integration Phase441

CHAPTER 13 Implementation and Integration Phase441

13.1 Implementation and Integration441

13.1.1 Top-Down Implementation and Integration442

13.1.2 Bottom-Up Implementation and Integration444

13.1.3 Sandwich Implementation and Integration445

13.1.4 Implementation and Integration of Object-Oriented Products446

13.1.5 Management Issues during the Implementation and Integration Phase446

13.2 Testing during the Implementation and Integration Phase447

13.3 Integration Testing of Graphical User Interfaces447

13.4 Product Testing448

13.5 Acceptance Testing449

13.6 CASE Tools for the Implementation and Integration Phase450

13.7 CASE Tools for the Complete Software Process451

13.8 Language-Centered Environments451

13.9 Structure-Oriented Environments452

13.10 Toolkit Environments452

13.11 Integrated Environments452

13.11.1 Process Integration453

13.11.2 Tool Integration454

13.11.3 Other Forms of Integration456

13.12 Environments for Business Applications456

13.13 Public Tool Infrastructures457

13.14 Comparison of Environment Types458

13.15 Metrics for the Implementation and Integration Phase458

13.16 MSG Case Study:Implementation and Integration Phase459

Chapter Review460

For Further Reading460

Problems461

References462

CHAPTER 14 Maintenance Phase465

CNAPTER14 Maintenance Phase465

14.1 Why Maintenance Is Necessary465

14.2 What Is Required of Maintenance Programmers466

14.3 Maintenance Case Study468

14.4 Management of Maintenance470

14.4.1 Fault Reports470

14.4.2 Authorizing Changes to the Product471

14.4.3 Ensuring Maintainability472

14.4.4 Problem of Repeated Maintenance472

14.5 Maintenance of Object-Oriented Software473

14.6 Maintenance Skills versus Development Skills476

14.7 Reverse Engineering476

14.8 Testing during the Maintenance Phase477

14.9 CASE Tools for the Maintenance Phase478

14.10 Metrics for the Maintenance Phase479

Chapter Review479

For Further Reading480

Problems480

References481

Epilogue483

Appendices483

Epilogue483

Appendices483

APPENDIX A Osbert Oglesby,Art Dealer491

APPENDIX A Osbert Oglesby—Art Dealer491

APPENDIX B Software Engineering Resources494

APPENDIX B Software Engineering Resources494

APPENDIX C MSG Case Study:Rapid Prototype496

APPENDIX C MSG Case Study:Rapid Prototype496

APPENDIX D MSG Case Study:Structured Systems Analysis509

APPENDIX D MSG Case Study:Structured Systems Analysis509

APPENDIX E MSG Case Study:Object-Oriented Analysis513

APPENDIX E MSG Case Study:Object-Oriented Analysis513

APPENDIX F MSG Case Study:Software Project Management Plan514

APPENDIX F MSG Case Study:Software Project Management Plan514

APPENDIX G MSG Case Study:Design519

APPENDIX G MSG Case Study:Design519

APPENDIX H MSG Case Study:Black-Box Test Cases539

APPENDIX H MSG Case Study:Black-Box Test Cases539

APPENDIX I MSG Case Study:Source Code542

APPENDIX I MSG Case Study:Source Code542

Bibliography581

Bibliography581

Author Index605

Author Index605

Subject Index608

Subject Index608