《以色列国》求取 ⇩

一、国名探究1

1． Origin of the Name of the State of Israel1

第一章“多难兴邦”的以色列国1

Chapter Ⅰ : The State of Israel—A Nation Born of MuchDistress1

2． Welfare State1

1) Medical Insurance2

2) Settlement of Immigrants2

4) Endowment Insurance3

2． The Ancient Israelis Contributing the Holy Bible to the World3

3) Free Education3

3． Origin of the Ancient Israelis3

三、古以色列人的由来3

二、古以色列人是贡献过《圣经》的犹太人3

4． The Escape from Egypt and Return to Canaan again4

四、逃出埃及，再回迦南4

6) Family Allowance4

5) Industry Injury Insurance4

5． “Judjes Times” Establishing a National Community5

五、建立民族共同体的“士师时代”5

9) A Philanthropic Tradition5

8) Voluntary Service5

7) Personal Insurance5

3． The Past and Present of Israeli-Western European Relations5

1) The Evolution of Traditional Relations5

Chapter Ⅷ : Dress, Diet, Residence, Traffic5

1． Unique Apparel5

六、统一部落联盟，开始王国时代6

七、大卫王朝的兴盛6

7． The Prosperity of the David Dynasty6

6． The Beginning of Kingdoms and the Unification of Tribal Alliance6

1) A Keen Love of Books7

2) Relationship between Israel and the EEC7

3． National Interests7

八、所罗门王朝的“守成”8

2) Addiction to Music and Archaeology8

4． The Relations of Israel with Fovmer Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries8

8． Solomon Dynasty Maintaining Heritage8

九、以色列王国的分裂和覆灭9

9． Disruption and Destruction of the Israeli Kingdom9

十、第二圣殿时期的犹太人大起义10

10． The Jewish Mass Revolt at the 2nd Temple Period10

2． The Culture of Food and Drink10

5． Unity with the Third World Countries to Extricate Herself from Predicament in Diplomacy14

11． Exodus of the Jewish Mass14

十一、异国他乡大流散及原因探讨14

1) Relations with African Countries15

2) Relations with Latin American Countries17

1． Ancient Jewish Calendar19

Chapter ■ : Colorful Festivals and Holidays19

3) Relations with Asian and Oceanian Countries19

1) The Chinese People and the Jewish People are Great Peoples21

6． The Chinese People and the Jewish People21

十二、思乡怀土，回归锡安山22

2) The Historical Origins of the Jews in China22

2． Enjoying Festivals and Holidays22

12． Emancipation of tho mind and Return to Zion22

3) The Past and the Present of the Jews in the Four Large Cities of China25

(a) Jews in Kaifeng25

3) “Sukkoth” (Feast of Booths)26

(b) Jews in Shanghai27

4) “Simhat Torah”27

5) Hanukan in lights28

4．Convenient Traffic Facilities28

(c) Jews in Harbin30

6) “Tu Be-Sheva” (Tree-Planting Day)30

7) Joyful Purim31

8) “Pesah” (Ancient Passover)32

4) The Establishment of Diplomatic Relations be tween the State of Israel and the PRC33

1． The Traditional Jewish Marriage Rituals34

9) Festival of Unleavened Bread35

1． The National system35

Chapter Ⅱ : The National System and Symbol of Israel35

10) “Holocaust”— The Great Massacre Comme moration Day35

一、国家体制35

第二章 以色列国的国家体制与标志35

Chapter Ⅳ : Geography, Climate, Environmental Protection37

11) Independence Day and The Commemoration Day of the Martyrs37

1． The Unigue Geomorphologic Features37

12) “Lag Be-Omer ”39

13) “Yom Yerushalayim”40

14) Feast of Weeks40

16) “Rosh Hodesh”42

4． Diagram of Jewish Calendar and the Festivals Holidays43

2． The Modern Marriage Rituals44

1． The Prosperity and Decline of Jerusalem in the Past Three Thousand Years45

Chapter ■ : Sight-seeings in the Holy Land45

1) Three Thousand YearsCrowdinginto the Mind46

2． Arid Summer and Rainy Winter48

2) Jerusalem, “See You Next Year”49

3． The New Marriage Law Complained by Men49

4． Rituals of Birth50

2． the National symbot51

二、国家标志51

Chapter Ⅴ : A Survey of Israel s Economic Development54

2． Economic Development54

1． An Arduous Beginning54

3) Enjoying Yourself to Be an Archaeologist in Jerusalem55

5． A Grand Ceremony of “Bar Mitzva”55

第三章 以色列的对外关系56

一、以色列与阿拉伯国家的关系56

Chapter Ⅲ : Israel s foreign Policy56

1． Relations with Arab Countries56

1) Industrial Production57

2． The Hometown of David Family and the Birth Place of Jesus57

（一）阿以斗争的起因57

1) The Cause of Israel-Arab Conflicts57

2) The Cause-fire Agreement: A Mere Scrap of Paper58

2) Agricultural Producion58

（二）停火协议是一纸空文58

1． The Mourning Rituals59

3) The Well-known Third Middle East War59

（三）突出的第三次中东战争59

4) A New Stage: In Search for Peace60

（四）寻求和平突破的新阶段60

5) Camp David Accord61

3． A Glimpse at Nazareth61

（五）戴维营协议61

6) A Tortuous Course after Establishing Diplomatic Relations with Egypt63

4． A Picturesque Galilee Sea63

（六）埃以建交后的曲折道路63

2． The Rituals of Funeral63

（七）难为了黎巴嫩64

7) Lebanon in Dilemma64

5． An Enchanting Tiberias65

5) Military Expenditure and Foreign Debt65

4) Tertiary Industry65

6． Jericho—the garden of Gods66

3． A New Turn in Trade and Economic Relations between the State of Israel and the PRC66

Chapter Ⅺ : Religious Rituals67

1． Morning Prayer67

2． Sabbath68

7． Introduction to the Holy Land for Tourists69

（八）以色列与叙利亚的纠纷70

1． The Israel Nation in the Biggest Melting Pot70

8) Disputes between Israel and Syria70

Chapter Ⅵ : Nationality, Languages, National Character70

Chapter Ⅻ : Advanced Education73

1) Preschool Education73

（九）以色列与约旦的关系75

9) Relations with Jordan75

2) School Education75

2． Famous Universities and Research Institutes79

2． A Marvel—The Revival of the Hebrew Language82

10) Relations with the PLO82

（十）以色列与巴勒斯坦解放组织的关系82

3． Israeli National Character86

4． Scientific Research and Information Exchange88

1． A Highly Urbanized Country92

Chapter Ⅶ : Cities and Rural Areas92

1． Business Practices93

1) The General Rules in Business93

Chapter ■ : Social and Cultural Activities93

3) No Permanent Enemy and Dislike inBusiness94

5) Time is Gold96

2． The Israeli-US Relations Solely Built on Strategic Interests96

二、唯利是视的以美外交96

（一）特殊的外交97

1) A General Survey of Special Relations97

6) Let Fashion Start with the Men of Wealth97

7) Alternation Between Work and Rest97

8) Foreign Language Brings You Success in Business97

9) No Punctuality in Appointment98

10) Personal Relations in Business Circles98

（二）以美“特殊关系”的由来99

11) Going in for No Ostentation99

12) Not Advocating Jargon and Professionalism in Business99

2) Origin of US-Israeli Special Relations99

（一）传统关系的演变105

三、以色列与西欧国家105

（二）以色列与欧洲共同体的关系107

（一）以色列建国前的犹太人与苏联·东欧国家的历史渊源108

四、以色列与苏联·俄罗斯·东欧的国家关系108

1) The Historical Origin of the Relations between the Jews and the Former Soviet Union and Eastern E108

2) The Evolution of the Relations between Israel and Former Soviet Union and Eastern Eu ropean Count110

（二）以色列国与苏联·东欧国家关系的变化110

五、团结第三世界，摆脱外交困境114

（一）以色列与非洲国家的外交关系115

（二）以色列与拉丁美洲国家的外交关系117

（三）以色列与亚洲和大洋洲国家的外交关系119

六、中华民族与以色列犹太民族121

（一）中华民族与犹太民族是两个伟大的民族121

（二）在华犹太人的历史渊源122

（三）中国四大城市的犹太人今昔125

1．开封犹太人125

2．上海犹太人127

3．哈尔滨犹太人130

4．天津犹太人132

(d) Jews in Tianjin132

（四）以色列国与中华人民共和国建交133

一、领域地形，别致独特137

第四章地形·气候·环境保护137

二、国度南北，夏旱冬雨148

3． Attaching Importance to Resources and Protection of Nature150

三、重视资源，爱护自然150

第五章以色列国的经济发展概况154

一、创业难艰154

二、发展情况154

（一）工业生产157

（二）农业生产158

3) Foreign Trade and Foreign Economic relations159

（三）外经外贸159

（四）第三产业165

（五）军费与外债165

三、同中国经贸合作的新开端166

（一）两国政府重视双边经贸关系166

1) The Two Governments Attaching Importance to the Bilateral Trade and Economic Relations166

2) Agricultural Innovation Demonstration Farm167

（二）合办农场革新农业的示范开端167

（三）以中经贸发展迅速可喜168

3) The Rapid and Encouraging Development of Bilateral Trade168

一、“大熔炉”中的以色列民族170

第六章民族·语言及民族性格170

二、语言学上的奇迹——复活希伯来语182

三、以色列的民族性格186

第七章城市与农村192

一、高度城市化的国家192

2． The Rural Activities in “Kibbutz” and “Moshav”197

二、“基布兹”与“莫沙夫”的农村生活197

第八章 衣·食·住·行205

一、服饰特色205

二、饮食文化210

3． Various Styles of Housing223

三、房建风貌223

四、交通便利228

Chapter Ⅸ : Marriage, Birth234

第九章 婚姻与出生234

一、往昔犹太人的婚俗234

二、近现代犹太人的婚俗244

三、男人愤怒的新婚姻法249

四、生命轮回的礼仪250

五、隆重的成年礼255

第十章 丧葬习俗259

一、服丧礼仪259

二、安葬习俗263

一、日祷267

第十一章 宗教礼仪267

二、安息日268

一、完整的教育体系273

（一）学前教育273

第十二章 发达的教育事业273

（二）学校教育275

（三）高等教育277

3) Higher Education277

二、著名的大学和研究院279

三、独特的移民教育285

3． Unique Education of Immigrants285

四、科学研究与信息交流288

（二）经商目标293

2) The Ultimate Objective in Business293

（一）经商法则293

第十三章 社会文化生活293

一、商业文化293

（三）勿积怨夙仇294

（五）时间就是金钱296

（四）合同是与神的签约296

4) To Honor Contract Signed Wifh God296

（七）劳逸结合297

（八）外语助你功成名就297

（六）让流行物始于有钱人297

（九）约见不守时298

（十）生意场上的私人关系298

（十一）不讲排场299

（十二）非职业化299

（十三）直接面谈300

（十四）以色列雅皮士300

14) Israeli “Yippie”300

二、福利国家301

（一）医疗保险302

（二）移民安置302

（三）免费教育303

（四）养老保险303

（六）家庭补助304

（五）工伤保险304

（七）安全保险305

（八）志愿服务305

（九）施舍为善的犹太传统305

10) Income Reallocation306

（十）收入再分配306

三、民族爱好307

（一）嗜书的人307

（二）酷爱音乐和考古308

（三）乐于经商310

3) Inclination toward Business310

四、文娱体育311

4． Cultural Recreation and Sports311

第十四章 丰富多彩的节假日319

一、古老的犹太历法319

3． Splendid Ranges of Festivals and Holidays322

1) “Rosh Hashanah” (Jewish New Year)322

二、喜爱节假日322

三、多姿多彩的节假日322

（一）犹太新年322

2) “Yom Kippur” (Day of Atonement)324

（二）赎罪日324

（三）住棚节326

（四）西姆哈斯《托拉》节327

（五）万家灯火的哈努卡节328

（六）树木新年的植树节330

（七）欢乐的普珥节331

（八）古老的逾越节332

（九）除酵节335

（十）燔祭节——大屠杀纪念日335

（十一）独立日和烈士纪念日337

（十二）拉·巴——奥默节339

（十四）七七节340

（十三）耶路撒冷节340

15) “Tisha Be-Ab”342

（十五）犹太哀悼日342

（十六）新月节342

四、犹太历与节日对照表343

第十五章 古今胜地游345

一、三千年耶路撒冷的盛衰345

（一）三千年往事注到心头346

（二）“明年又再见”耶路撒冷349

（三）在耶路撒冷考古355

二、大卫的故乡，耶稣的生地357

三、拿撒勒一瞥361

四、风景如画的加利利海363

五、令人难忘的太巴列365

六、“神的花园”耶利哥366

七、参观宗教胜地简介369

8． The Major Touring Spots for Christians371

八、基督徒游客的主要游览处371

附录 主要参考资料377

Appendix: Bibliography377