《网络互联排错手册》

PART1INTRODUCTION TO TROUBLESHOOTING3

Symptoms，Problems，and Solutions3

PART1INTRODUCTION TO TROUBLESHOOTING3

Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Overview3

Chapter1 Troubleshooting Overview3

General Problem-Solving Moder4

Preparing for Network Failure5

Chapter2 Troubleshooting Tools7

Using Router Diagnostic Commands7

Chapter2 Troubleshooting Tools7

Using Cisco Network Management Tools11

Third-Party Troubleshooting Tools13

Chapter3 Troubleshooting Hardware and Booting Problems19

PART2 HARDWARE，BOOTING，AND MEDIA PROBLEMS19

PART2HARDWARE，BOOTING，AND MEDIA PROBLEMS19

Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Hardware and Booting Problems19

Booting the Router20

Troubleshooting Hardware23

Troubleshooting Booting Problems51

Chapter4 Troubleshooting Ethernet75

Ethernet and IEEE 802.375

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Ethernet75

Troubleshooting Ethernet78

Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Fiber Distributed Data Interface85

Chapter5 Troubleshooting Fiber Distributed Date Interface85

FDDI Technology Basics85

Troubleshooting FDDI92

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Token Ring103

Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 Comparison103

Chapter6 Troubleshooting Token Ring103

Token Passing104

PhysICAL CONNECTIONS105

THE PRIORITY SYSTEM105

FAULT MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS106

FRAME FORMATS106

TROUBLESHOOTING TOKEN RING107

PART3TROUBLESHOOTING DESKTOP AND ENTERPRISE ROUTING PROTOCOLS117

CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP117

INTERNET PROTOCOLS117

PART3TROUBLESHOOTING DESKTOP AND ENTERPRISE ROUTING PROTOCOLS117

Chapter7 Troubleshooting TCP/IP117

THE NETWORK LAYER118

THE TRANSPORT LAYER124

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS126

IP MULTICAST126

TROUBLESHOOTING TCP/IP130

NOVELL TECHNOLOGY BASICS177

CHAPTER 8 TROUBLESHOOTING NOVELL IPX177

Chapter8 Troubleshooting Novell IPX177

MEDIA ACCESS178

THE NETWORK LAYER179

THE TRANSPORT LAYER180

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS181

TROUBLESHOOTING NOVELL IPX181

NOVELL SAPS221

Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Apple Talk229

APPLE TALK TECHNOLOGY BASICS229

CHAPTER 9 TROUBLESHOOTING APPLE TALK229

THE NETWORK LAYER231

THE TRANSPORT LAYER234

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS238

TROUBLESHOOTING APPLE TALK238

CHAPTER 10 TROUBLESHOOTING IBM281

SDLC281

Chapter10 Troubleshooting IBM281

SRB284

TROUBLESHOOTING IBM287

CHAPTER 11 TROUBLESHOOTING DECNET333

DIGITAL NETWORK ARCHITEETURE333

Chapter11 Troubleshooting DECnet333

THE NETWORK LAYER334

THE TRANSPORT LAYER338

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS338

TROUBLESHOOTING DECNET338

Chapter12 Troubleshooting ISO CLNS359

CHAPTER 12 TROUBLESHOOTING ISO CLNS359

ISO CLNS TECHNOLOGY BASICS360

TROUBLESHOOTING ISO CLNS363

CHAPTER 13 TROUBLESHOOTING BANYAN VINES381

VINES TECHNOLOGY BASICS381

Chapter 13 Troubleshooting Banyan VINES381

VINES MEDIA ACCESS382

THE NETWORK LAYER382

THE TRANSPORT LAYER387

TROUBLESHOOTING BANYAN VINES387

THE NETWORK LAYER395

Chapter 14 Troubleshooting XNS395

CHAPTER 14 TROUBLESHOOTING XNS395

THE TRANSPORT LAYER397

UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOLS398

TROUBLESHOOTING XNS398

PART4TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINES AND WAN CONNECTIONS409

Chapter 15 Troubleshooting Serial Line Problems409

PART 4 TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINES AND WAN CONNECTIONS409

CHAPTER 15TROUBLESHOOTING SERIAL LINE PROBLEMS409

TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL COMMAND409

ADJUSTING BUFFERS423

USING THE SHOW CONTROLLERS COMMAND424

USING DEBUG COMMANDS427

USING EXTENDED PING TESTS428

TROUBLESHOOTING CLOCKING PROBLEMS430

SPECIAL SERIAL LIN TESTS438

DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL COMMAND441

Chapter 16 Troubleshooting DiaIin Connections447

CHAPTER 16 TROUBLESHOOTING DIALIN CONNECTIONS447

USING THE MODEM AUTOCONFIGURE COMMAND448

ESTABLISHING A REVERSE TELNET SESSION TO A MODEM448

INTERPRETING SHOW LINE OUTPUT450

TROUBLESHOOTING DIALIN CONNECTIONS454

CHAPTER 17 TROUBLESHOOTING ISDN CONNECTIONS489

ISDN COMPONENTS489

Chapter 17 Troubleshooting ISDN Connections489

ISDN SERVICES491

LAYER 1491

LAYER 2493

LAYER 3493

TROUBLESHOOTING ISDN494

Chapter 18 Troubleshooting Frame Relay Connections523

CHAPTER 18 TROUBLESHOOTING FRAME RELAY CONNECTIONS523

FRAME RELAY TECHNOLOGY BASICS525

TROUBLESHOOTING FRAME RELAY529

Chapter 19 Troubleshooting X.25 Connections539

CHAPTER 19 TROUBLESHOOTING X.25 CONNECTIONS539

X.25TECHNOLOGY BASICS539

X.25FRAME FORMAT541

TROUBLESHOOTING X.25544

PART 5TROUBLESHOOTING BRIDGING AND SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS553

CHAPTER 20 TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTS553

PART5TROUBLESHOOTING BRIDGING AND SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS553

Chapter20 Troubleshooting Transparent Bridging Environments553

TRANSPARENT BRIDGING TECHNOLOGY BASICS553

TROUBLESHOOTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING558

Chapter21 Troubleshooting ATM Switching Environments565

CHAPTER 21 TROUBLESHOOTING ATM SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS565

CELL RELAY PACKET HANDLING565

TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED565

ATM LABEL SWITCHING568

THE ATM CELL570

THE ATM ADAPTATION LAYER572

THE ATM LAYER575

PLACING CELLS ON A PHYSICAL TRANSPORT MEDIUM575

TROUBLESHOOTING ATM SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS576

Chapter22 Troubleshooting LAN Switching Environments587

TROUBLESHOOTING LAN SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS587

CHAPTER 22 TROUBLESHOOTING LAN SWITCHING ENVIRONMENTS587

PART 6TROUBLESHOOTING OTHER INTERNETWORK PROBLEMS599

Chapter 23 Troubleshooting CiscoWorks Problesms599

PART 6TROUBLESHOOTING OTHER INTERNETWORK PROBLEMS599

CHAPTER 23 TROUBLESHOOTING CISCOWORKS PROBLEMS599

TESTING BASIC CONNECTIVITY AND SETUP599

CISCO WORKS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES601

TROUBLESHOOTING CISCO WORKS603

CHAPTER24 TROUBLESHOOTING SECURITY IMPLEMENTATIONS611

TROUBLESHOOTING TACACS+AND XTACACS611

Chapter 24 Troubleshooting Security Implementations611

RECOVERING A LOST PASSWORD623

PART 7APPENDIXES645

Appendix A Creating Core Dumps645

PART 7APPENDIXES645

APPENDIXA CREATING CORE DUMPS645

EXCEPTION COMMANDS645

THE WRITE CORE COMMAND646

SHOW COMMANDS647

Appendix B Memory Maps649

MAMORY MAPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING649

APPENDIXB MEMORY MAPS649

MEMORY MAPS652

APPENDIXC TECHNICAL SUPPORT INFORMATION673

GATHERING INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR INTERNETWORK673

Appendix C Technical Support Information673

PROVIDING DATA TO YOUR TECHNICAL SUPPORT REPRESENTATIVE676

CCO677

APPENDIXD REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING679

CISCO PRESS REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING679

Appendix D References and Recommended Reading679

OTHER REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING679

APPENDIXE TROUBLESHOOTING WORKSHEETS681

Appendix E Troubleshooting Worksheets681

Index689

Index689