《英文写作 从句子到章节》

Part One：A General Introduction to English Writing1

Ⅰ：The Importance of Writing3

Ⅱ：Types of Writing5

1．Narration6

2．Description10

3．Exposition14

Ⅲ：Writing Well21

1．Writing for Your Readers21

2．Good Writing22

Part Two：From Sentence to Paragraph52

Ⅰ：Sentence Structure55

1．Elements of a Sentence56

2．Variety in Sentences59

1）Kinds of Sentences60

2）Clause Connectors61

3）Coordination and Subordination67

3．Parallelism79

Ⅱ：Paragraph Structure92

1．The Basic Paragraph93

2．Four Elements of the Paragraph94

3．Mechanics in Writing a Paragraph97

Ⅲ：Basic Paragraph-Building Skills102

1．Taking Four Pre-Writing Steps102

2．Making Your Topic Sentence a Helpful Guide110

3．Loading Your Topic Sentence with a Strong Controlling Idea132

4．Writing a Helpful Outline in Advance142

5．Gaining Unity159

6．Gaining Coherence from Logical Order172

7．Gaining Coherence from Transitions184

8．Gaining Better Unity and Coherence from Punctuation202

Ⅳ：Sentence Problems230

1．Sentence Fragments230

Fragments Without Verbs230

Fragments Without Subjects231

Fragments Without Subjects and/or Verbs232

Fragments of Dependent Clauses233

2．Choppy Sentences237

3．Run-Together Sentences238

4．Stringy Sentences241

5．Confusing Shifts244

Confusing Shifts in Person244

Confusing Shifts in Tense246

Confusing Shifts in Subject and Voice247

Confusing Shifts in Mood or Speech249

Confusing Shifts in Number250

Mixed Sentence Construction250

6．Incomplete Construction256

Careless Omissions256

Incomplete Comparisons257

7．Ambiguous Pronoun Reference261

A Pronoun with Two or More Possible Antecedents261

A Pronoun Without Clearly Expressed Antecedents262

The Pronouns It,They,and You with Indefinite Antecedents263

The Pronouns This,That and Which Referring to General Ideas264

A Pronoun Too Far Away from Its Antecedent265

8．Dangling Modifiers268

Dangling Participial Modifiers268

Dangling Gerunds in Prepositional Phrases270

Dangling Infinitive Modifiers270

Dangling Abbreviated Clauses271

9．Misplaced Modifiers275

Misplaced Prepositional Phrases275

Misplaced Adjective Clauses276

Misplaced Adverbial Modifiers277

10．Wordiness281

Needless Repetition281

Needless Expansion283

Awkward Clichés284

Overwritten Style285

Correction Symbols290

Partial Answers to Exercises292