《语言学文选》

Ⅰ．LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS1

1．What Is Language?by Archibald A.Hill1

2．Language:An Introductionby W.F.Bolton13

3．Language Universalsby Julia S.Falk Victoria Fromkin27

4．Language,Thought,and Cultureby Peter Woolfson35

5．What Is Linguistics?by Winfred P.Lehmann44

Ⅱ．ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE52

6．Phonologyby Robert E.Callary52

7．Morphologyby Ronald Wardhaugh81

8．Morphology and Some Morphological Processes Ohio State University Language Files94

9．Word-Making:Some Sources of New Wordsby W.Nelson Francis102

10．The Surface of Syntaxby Julia S.Falk114

11．The Grammars of Englishby Medelon E.Heatherington129

12．A Primerof Transformational Grammarby Suzette Haden Elgin142

13．Semantics:The Meanings of Languageby Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman166

14．Pragmaticsby Madelon E.Heatherington206

15．Pragmatics and Communicationby Neil Smith and Deirdre Wilson213

16．Languages and Writingby John P.Hughes228

Ⅲ．LANGUAGE VARIATION:REGIONAL AND SOCIAL247

17．Language Variationby Ronald Wardhaugh247

18．Speech Communitiesby Paul Roberts263

19．Regional Variationsby Albert H.Marckwardt273

20．Social Dialectsby Julia S.Falk284

Ⅳ．LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND THE BRAIN294

21．The Acquisition of Languageby Breyne A.Moskowitz294

22．The Linguistic Development of Childrenby M.M.Lewis324

23．Developmental Milestones in Motor and Language Developmentby Eric H.Lenneberg334

24．Language and the Brainby Kathryn Bayles339

Ⅴ．ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE355

25．The Origin of Languageby Charles L.Barber355

26．In the Beginning:Language Originby Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman367

27．The Origin and Evolution of Languageby Dwight Bolinger and Donald A.Sears379

28．Language Changeby Ronald Wardhaugh390

29．Why Do Languages Change?by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman411

Ⅵ．COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS415

30．Historical-Comparative Linguisticsby Ronald Wardhaugh415

31．Language Familiesby Dieter Wunderlich431

32．The Indo-European Language Familyby James D.Gordon434

33．Sino-Tibetan Languages from Encyclopaedia Britannica441

34．A Brief History of Englishby Paul Roberts455

Ⅶ．NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION466

35．A Structure for the Analysis of Nonverbal Communicationby Mark L.Knapp466

36．Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understandingby Genelle Morain479

37．Barrier Signals:Body-Defense Actions in Social Situationsby Desmond Morris494

38．Learning to Read Gesturesby Gerard I.Nierenberg and Henry H.Calero498

39．Winking,Blinking and Nodsby Julius Fast508

40．Space Speaksby Edward T.Hall518

Ⅷ．ANIMAL COMMUNICATION533

41．Animal"Languages"by Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman533

42．The Nim Chimpsky Experimentby Herbert S.Terrace544

43．Performing Animals:Secrets of the Tradeby Thomas A.Sebeok and Jean Umiker-Sebeok570

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES578