《英语学习指要》求取 ⇩

第一部分 语音1

概述1

1．开音节和闭音节的拼读规则1

2．元音字母组合的拼读规则3

3．辅音字母以及辅音字母组合的拼读规则6

4．不发音的辅音字母9

5．-（e）s的读音规则10

6．-ed的读音规则11

7．单词重音12

8．句子重音12

9．意群13

10．连读、失爆与同化14

11．降调与升调15

第二部分 语法18

概述18

1．名词的单数和复数形式18

2．不可数名词20

3．以复数形式出现的名词21

4．有关数词的问题22

5．名词所有格23

6．名词的性24

7．人称代词和无人称代词it27

8．代词one和that28

9．反身代词oneself29

10．“少许”和“许多”31

11．一组不定代词33

12．部分否定和全部否定35

13．不定冠词a和an36

14．使用不定冠词a或an的场合37

15．使用定冠词the的场合38

16．不用冠词的场合41

17．是形容词还是副词43

18．形容词和副词的变形47

19．比较的方法49

20．有关比较结构的几个问题50

21．没有比较含义的比较结构51

22．形容词转化成名词53

23．“以前”和“以后”55

24．how long,how soon和how often56

25．情态动词can,may和must58

26．need和dare59

27．used to和would60

28．would rather和had better61

29．情态动词后面的动词形式63

30．规则动词和不规则动词64

31．及物动词和不及物动词68

32．可分割型和不可分割型动词词组70

33．一般现在时和现在进行时72

34．表示将来的时态73

35．一般过去时和现在完成时74

36．一般过去时和过去完成时76

37．过去完成时和将来完成时76

38．瞬时动词77

39．时态的一致79

40．被动语态要点80

41．因词而异的主动和被动82

42．虚拟语气表示非真实情况84

43．虚拟语气表示主观意见85

44．非限定动词的共同特点86

45．动词不定式88

46．现在分词和过去分词90

47．for doing和to do91

48．作修饰语的不定式和分词93

49．作宾语的动词不定式和动名词95

50．动名词和现在分词97

51．非限定动词的时间概念99

52．分词独立结构100

53．主谓一致关系101

54．几个常用介词103

55．含介词的几种词组106

56．介词有无规律107

57．介词后置109

58．介词的含义111

59．简单句114

60．感叹句115

61．反意疑问句116

62．并列复合句117

63．状语从句118

64．不能合用的连接词120

65．宾语从句121

66．直接引语和间接引语123

67．主语从句和同位语从句125

68．whatever和no matter what126

69．关系代词who,which和that127

70．关系代词和关系副词129

71．you think两个词使问题复杂化130

72．as的用法132

73．倒装句134

74．几种强调形式135

75．可以省略的成分138

76．常见词缀举例141

第三部分 词汇146

概述146

Ⅰ．词语辨析147

名词147

1．accident incident event147

2．ache pain148

3．advantage benefit profit149

4．alternative choice150

5．cause reason excuse151

6．chance opportunity152

7．climate weather152

8．cloth clothes clothing153

9．contact touch154

10．content context156

11．country nation state power156

12．custom habit157

13．date day158

14．effect impact159

15．energy vigo(u)r159

16．equipment device tool instrument160

17．family home house161

18．fare charge162

19．fault mistake wrong blunder163

20．fire flame165

21．floor stor(e)y layer166

22．form shape166

23．game sport match event167

24．help aid favo(u)r168

25．job work task170

26．land ground earth soil mud171

27．life living172

28．mood feeling sense172

29．number amount quantity174

30．opinion view174

31．part section share175

32．person people population individual176

33．power force strength178

34．practice exercise178

35．principle principal179

36．problem question180

37．quantity quality181

38．role rule181

39．scene sight view182

40．shade shadow184

41．site spot scene184

42．solution key186

43．species breed186

44．source resource187

45．technique technology skill knack188

46．tone tune189

47．travel trip journey tour voyage189

48．treatment cure therapy191

49．value worth price cost192

50．voice sound noise193

动词195

51．accept receive195

52．accomplish achieve196

53．add increase197

54．admire envy198

55．advise persuade198

56．agree promise199

57．allow permit let200

58．appear seem look202

59．amuse entertain interest204

60．answer reply205

61．arrive reach get205

62．appreciate enjoy207

63．ask beg demand require208

64．ask inquire question210

65．attend be present211

66．awake wake awaken212

67．award reward213

68．beat defeat win214

69．beat hit strike214

70．blare blow216

71．borrow lend216

72．bring take fetch carry send216

73．complete finish218

74．consider regard219

75．consist compose220

76．contain include involve221

77．cost pay spend222

78．damage destroy harm wreck223

79．decline reduce225

80．defend protect guard226

81．depend rely227

82．discover invent develop228

83．divide separate isolate229

84．dress put on wear have on230

85．fall drop sink231

86．feed raise support232

87．fit install fix234

88．flow float234

89．fit suit match235

90．fix repair mend236

91．get obtain gain237

92．glance scan skim browze239

93．happen occur take place240

94．hope wish expect desire241

95．inform remind warn243

96．injure hurt wound245

97．insist persevere246

98．knock bump247

99．know meet recognize realize248

100．lie lay249

101．listen hear250

102．look see251

103．lose miss252

104．memorize/-rise recite remember254

105．neglect ignore255

106．need require want255

107．pick collect258

108．produce manufacture259

109．provide supply offer259

110．refuse reject decline withhold260

111．relax relieve261

112．review revise263

113．rise raise lift263

114．say speak talk tell265

115．seat sit267

116．spare spend take pass268

117．stop pause269

118．suggest propose270

119．threaten frighten271

120．treat cure heal271

121．try manage273

122．watch notice observe274

动词与动词＋副词或介词274

123．believe believe in274

124．do with deal with275

125．end end up276

126．find find out277

127．grow grow up278

128．join join in take part in participate278

129．play play with280

130．search search for281

131．sell sell out282

132．stay stay up283

形容词283

133．able capable283

134．alive living live lively vivid284

135．all whole286

136．alone lonely286

137．asleep sleepy287

138．aware conscious288

139．close closed289

140．certain sure290

141．common general ordinary average291

142．considerate considerable293

143．correct right exact real true293

144．current present294

145．damp wet295

146．dead deadly296

147．different separate various296

148．efficient effective298

149．favo(u)rite favo(u)rable popular298

150．fit suitable299

151．folk human300

152．freezing frozen300

153．glad happy merry cheerful301

154．ill sick302

155．elderly aged senior303

156．older/oldest elder/eldest304

157．only single304

158．personal private305

159．pleasant pleasing pleased306

160．possible probable likely307

161．professional specialized308

162．recent latest last309

163．same similar310

164．special particular311

165．strict severe serious311

166．terrible terrified313

167．usual normal regular314

168．worth worthy worthwhile314

副词315

169．ago before315

170．aloud loud loudly316

171．almost nearly317

172．already yet still318

173．altogether all together319

174．barely hardly320

175．continually continuously320

176．fairly rather321

177．late later lately322

178．most mostly323

179．near nearby324

180．presently recently shortly324

181．pretty prettily325

182．sometime some time sometimes326

183．specially especially particularly326

184．too either also327

185．usually as usual328

其他329

186．lack(of) short(of)329

187．except/but besides in addition(to)329

Ⅱ．多义词332

188．accustom332

189．admit332

190．affect333

191．afford333

192．afraid334

193．arrange335

194．assign335

195．assure336

196．audience336

197．available337

198．bear337

199．blame338

200．block339

201．bore340

202．care340

203．cause341

204．claim341

205．convenient342

206．curious342

207．corner343

208．delay343

209．deserve344

210．devote344

211．die345

212．drown345

213．escape346

214．fail347

215．hang348

216．instead348

217．leave349

218．long350

219．loose350

220．loss351

221．marry351

222．matter352

223．mean353

224．mind354

225．object355

226．offend356

227．open356

228．order357

229．perform358

230．prepare359

231．pretend360

232．prevent361

233．prove361

234．range362

235．regret363

236．remain363

237．rest364

238．risk365

239．room365

240．serve366

241．share366

242．smell367

243．stick368

244．substitute369

245．thorough370

246．weigh370

247．welcome371

248．word372

249．worry372

Ⅲ．常用词构成的习语373

250．all373

251．break375

252．call376

253．care377

254．charge378

255．come379

256．die380

257．distance380

258．far381

259．free382

260．get383

261．give384

262．go386

263．good387

264．hand387

265．hear388

266．hold389

267．keep389

268．know391

269．learn392

270．long392

271．look393

272．make395

273．moment396

274．own396

275．pass397

276．pick398

277．put398

278．read400

279．result400

280．set401

281．take402

282．think403

283．time404

284．try406

285．turn407

286．wait408

287．way408

288．work409

第四部分 交际功能411

概述411

1．Greetings（问候）411

2．Saying Goodbye（道别）413

3．Making Telephone Calls（打电话）415

4．Asking the Way（问路）418

5．Telling Time and Dates（时间与日期）420

6．Making Introductions（介绍）422

7．Giving Thanks（感谢）424

8．Making Apologies and Granting Forgiveness（道歉与宽恕）426

9．Offering Help（提供帮助）428

10．Asking for Permission（请求允许）430

11．Showing Agreement or Disagreement（同意或不同意）432

12．Expressing Certainty or Uncertainty（确定或不确定）434

13．Talking About Likes or Dislikes（谈论爱憎）436

14．Doing Shopping（购物）437

15．Eating at a Restaurant（在餐厅就餐）439

16．Talking About the Weather（谈论天气）441

17．Expressing Desires and Intentions（愿望与打算）443

18．Expressing Good Wishes and Congratulations（祝愿与祝贺）445

19．Showing Sympathy and Encouragement（表示同情与鼓励）446

20．Prohibitions and Warnings（禁止与警告）448

21．Showing Surprise and Worry（表示惊讶与担忧）450

22．Making Requests and Giving Instructions（请求与指导）451

23．Giving Advice and Suggestions（劝告与建议）453

24．Asking for Repetition（请求重复）455

25．Getting People's Ideas（征求看法）457

26．Showing Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction（满意或不满意）458

27．Showing Disappointment（表示失望）460

28．Expressing Reproaches（表示责备）462

29．Seeing a Doctor（看医生）464

30．Expressing Obligation and Necessity（义务与需要）465

31．Denying Something（否认）467

32．Expressing Preference（偏爱）469

33．Expressing Pleasure or Displeasure（表示高兴或不高兴）471

34．Requesting Assistance（请求帮助）472

35．Expressing Ability and Inability（能与不能）475

36．Asking for and Reporting Information（询问与报告信息）477

37．Accepting or Declining Invitations（接受或谢绝邀请）478

第五部分 阅读481

概述481

Ⅰ．影响理解的主要因素482

Ⅱ．各种题材短文举例及择要分析487

Ⅲ．阅读实践514

第六部分 英语写作537

概述537

Ⅰ．句子的写作537

1．避免常见的语病538

2．注意句子的多样性555

Ⅱ．短文写作562

1．短文的种类和基本结构562

2．记叙文565

3．议论文574

Ⅲ．应用文的写作576

1．信函576

2．便条592

3．通知595

4．海报596