《Moral Dilemmaj Walter Sinnott-Armstrong》

1.What Moral Dilemmas Are1

1.1 The Standard Definition3

1.2 'Ought'5

1.3 Moral Reasons8

1.4 Requirements versus Ideals11

1.5 Overriding15

1.6 Alternatives22

1.7 'Can'26

1.8 The Final Definition29

1.9 Positions30

2.Arguments for Moral Dilemmas36

2.1 Some Inadequate Arguments36

2.2 Arguments for Moral Requirement Conflicts39

2.3 Arguments for Unresolvability53

3.Some Opponents72

3.1 Monism73

3.2 Utilitarianisms74

3.3 Negative and Positive81

3.4 Intentions86

3.5 Exceptions92

3.6 Rankings95

3.7 Prima Facie97

3.8 Simpliciter and Secundum Quid102

4."The Argument from Ought Implies Can108

4.1 Formulations109

4.2 'Ought'Implies'Can'110

4.3 The Agglomeration Principle127

5.The Argument from'Ought and Ought Not'136

5.1 Formulations136

5.2 Closure139

5.3 'Ought'Implies'Permitted'156

5.4 Disagreement161

5.5 'Ought To and Not To'163

6.Consistency169

6.1 Truth-Inconsistency170

6.2 Act-Inconsistency171

6.3 Purposes of Moral Theories178

7.Moral Realisms189

7.1 What Moral Realism Is190

7.2 Realistic versus Personal Moral Dilemmas194

7.3 Sartre's Arguments from Freedom and Ignorance195

7.4 Williams's Arguments from Regret and Inconsistency196

7.5 An Argument from Interpersonal Comparison200

8.Applications215

8.1 Individual Moral Problems215

8.2 Social Policies223