《Sexuality and The Genetics of Bacteria》

Part ⅠBACTERIAL GENETICS AND THE DISCOVERY OF GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN BACTERIA1

1．The Variability of Bacteria3

Ⅰ．Bacterial Species4

Ⅱ．Bacterial Variations5

Ⅲ．Bacterial Mutations and Their Characteristics9

Ⅳ．The Genetic Apparatus of Bacteria13

2．The Modes of Transfer of Hereditary Characters in Bacteria and the Genetic Problem of Lysogeny15

Ⅰ．Genetic Recombination in Bacteria15

Ⅱ．The Transfer of Hereditary Characters in Bacteria20

Ⅲ．Lysogeny and Its Genetic Determination25

3．Genetic Recombination at Low Frequencies29

Ⅰ．The Genetic Analysis of Crosses29

Ⅱ．The Subsequent Development of Genetic Analysis32

Ⅲ．The Difficulties of Genetic Analysis39

4．Sexual Differentiation and Its Genetic Consequences41

Ⅰ．The Polarity of Bacterial Crosses41

Ⅱ．Sexual Polarity and Lysogeny46

Ⅲ．Sexual Polarity and Bacterial Fertility49

Ⅳ．The Hypotheses Concerning the Mechanism of Genetic Recombination50

Part ⅡBACTERIAL CONJUGATION AND ITS MECHANISM55

5．The Characteristics of Crosses with High Frequency of Recombination57

Ⅰ．The Discovery and Properties of Hfr Strains57

Ⅱ．Experimental Methods57

Ⅲ．Characteristics of the Crosses between Hfr H and F- Bacteria:The TL-Gal Chromosomal Segment65

6．The Chromosomal Location of Prophages75

Ⅰ．The Temperate Bacteriophage λ75

Ⅱ．The Location of Prophage λ81

Ⅲ．The Location of Some Other Prophages85

7．Zygotic Induction and Its Genetic Effects93

Ⅰ．Zygotic Induction of Prophage λ93

Ⅱ．Relations between the Frequency of Zygotic Induction and the Genetic Location of the Prophages101

Ⅲ．The Genetic Effects of Zygotic Induction103

8．The Successive Stages in Bacterial Conjugation109

Ⅰ．Bacterial Conjugation and Its Modes of Expression109

Ⅱ．The Formation of Zygotes119

Ⅲ．The Formation of Genetic Recombinants125

9．The Process of Genetic Transfer During Conjugation129

Ⅰ．The Kinetics of Genetic Transfer129

Ⅱ．The Mechanism of Genetic Transfer138

Ⅲ．The Gradient of Transfer Along the Whole Hfr Chromosome144

10．The Analysis of F+×F-Crosses and the Organization of the Genetic Material in Escherichia coli K12155

Ⅰ．The Mechanism of the Low Frequency of Recombination in F+×F-Crosses155

Ⅱ．The Properties of Different Hfr Types161

Ⅲ．Mapping of Genetic Characters in Escherichia coli K12167

11．The Genetic Basis of Sexual Differentiation179

Ⅰ．The Sexual Types of Escherichia coli179

Ⅱ．The Genetic Determination of Sexual Types181

Ⅲ．The Sex Factor as a Genetic Element189

Part ⅢBACTERIAL CONJUGATION AS A GENETIC SYSTEM201

12．Meromixis and the Structure of the Genetic Material203

Ⅰ．Meromixis204

Ⅱ．The Structure of the Genetic Material210

13．Genetic Recombination223

Ⅰ．Recombinational Analysis224

Ⅱ．The Problem of Genetic Recombination235

14．The Phenotypic Expression of the Genetic Material249

Ⅰ．Functional Analysis by Sexduction251

Ⅱ．Phenotypic Expression of Genetic Determinants upon Transfer by Conjugation255

Ⅲ．Genetic Control of Regulation Mechanisms259

Ⅳ．Activity of Structural Genes276

15．The Prophage as a Bacterial Genetic Element285

Ⅰ．The Relations between Prophage and the Bacterial Chromosome285

Ⅱ．Functions of a Phage Genome in Relation to Its State295

Ⅲ．The Prophage as a Model of Provirus305

16．The Episomes311

Ⅰ．Episomic Elements in Bacteria312

Ⅱ．The Episomes as Hereditary Factors327

CONCLUSIONS337

REFERENCES345

SUBJECT INDEX367