《Functions of The Blood》求取 ⇩

CHAPTER 1The Evolution of Oxygen TransportHPWOLVEKAMP1

Ⅰ．The Call for Oxygen by the Tissues2

Ⅱ．The Diffusion Process4

Ⅲ．The Acceleration of Oxygen Transport by Circulating Blood without Blood Pigments7

Ⅳ．General Significance of Blood Pigments for the Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide8

Ⅴ．Properties of the Blood Pigments9

Ⅵ．Storing of Oxygen by Cellular Haemoglobin23

Ⅶ．The States of Carbon Dioxide in Blood25

Ⅷ．The Erythrocyte and Blood Gas Transport35

Ⅸ．Adaptations44

Ⅹ．The Development of the Blood Gas Transport in the Great Systematic Units52

Ⅺ．Blood Gas Transport and Disease61

Ⅻ．Gaps in our Knowledge due to Technical and Methodical Difficulties64

References65

Appendix71

CHAPTER 2Why Are Red Cells the Shape They Are?The Evolution of the Human Red CellHLEHMANN AND RGHUNTSMAN73

Ⅰ．The Limitations of Diffusion73

Ⅱ．The Nature of the Haemoglobin Molecule78

Ⅲ．The Evolutionary Significance of the Respiratory Pigments90

Ⅳ．The Maturation of the Human Red Cell and the Significance of theReticulocyte113

References140

Appendix148

CHAPTER 3The Significance of the Red Cell AntigensAEMOURANT149

Ⅰ．Introduction149

Ⅱ．Racial Distribution of the Blood Groups154

Ⅲ．Blood Groups and Diseases159

Ⅳ．Blood Groups in Animals164

Ⅴ．Natural Selection and Evolution166

References168

CHAPTER 4The Influence of Disturbed Metabolism on the Morphology of Blood CellsOLIVER PJONES170

Ⅰ．Introduction170

Ⅱ．Erythropoiesis185

Ⅲ．Granulocytopoiesis219

Ⅳ．Lymphopoiesis233

Ⅴ．Reticulo-endothelial System248

Ⅵ．Platelet Forming Apparatus256

References260

CHAPTER 5The Evolution of the LeucocytesWILLIAM HOLMES271

Ⅰ．The Problem271

Ⅱ．The Evidence Available272

Ⅲ．Conclusion281

References281

CHAPTER 6The Evolution of the Haemostatic MechanismLVHEILBRUNN283

Ⅰ．Introduction283

Ⅱ．The Surface Precipitation Reaction284

Ⅲ．Relation of Protoplasmic Clotting to Blood Clotting290

Ⅳ．Conclusion298

References298

CHAPTER 7The Reaction of the Blood to InjuryRGMACFARLANE303

Ⅰ．The Normal Flow of Blood303

Ⅱ．The Blood Changes in Inflamed Tissues309

Ⅲ．Blood Coagulation321

Ⅳ．Clot Retraction333

Ⅴ．Fibrinolysis335

Ⅵ．Conclusion337

References343

CHAPTER 8Homeostasis of the Blood Cell ElementsHOWARD RBIERMAN349

Ⅰ．Introduction350

Ⅱ．General Considerations of the Duration of Life of Blood Cells351

Ⅲ．Conditions which Influence the Normal Haematodynamic Equilibrium352

Ⅳ．Nutritional Factors363

Ⅴ．Plasma Haematopoietic Factors369

Ⅵ．Mechanisms of Erythrocyte Equilibrium371

Ⅶ．Mechanisms of Leucocyte Equilibrium380

Ⅷ．Mechanisms of Platelet Equilibrium390

Ⅸ．Disturbances in the Haematodynamic Equilibrium Leading to Pathological States392

Conclusion406

References407

CHAPTER 9The Maintenance of Milieu IntérieurJPBULL419

Ⅰ．Introduction419

Ⅱ．Relation of Concentration and Volume420

Ⅲ．Analogy with Servo-mechanisms421

Ⅳ．Examples of Homeostatic Mechanisms423

Ⅴ．Maintenance of Chemical Integrity427

Ⅵ．Some Biological Implications428

References429

CHAPTER 10The Function of the Blood in the Transport of Fatty AcidsDSROBINSON431

Ⅰ．Introduction431

Ⅱ．The Plasma Lipids in the Post-absorptive State432

Ⅲ．The Metabolism of the Plasma Lipoproteins in the Post-absorptive State434

Ⅳ．The Role of the Plasma Phosphatides and Cholesterol Esters in Fatty Acid Transport436

Ⅴ．The Transport of Fatty Acid in the Blood during the Absorption of a Fatty Meal438

Ⅵ．The Removal of Dietary Fat from the Blood as Chylomicra440

Ⅶ．The Lipolytic System Induced by Heparin Injection443

Ⅷ．The Transport in the Blood of Fatty Acid Mobilized from the Depots446

Ⅸ．The Recycling of Fatty Acids in the Body450

Ⅹ．Concluding Remarks451

References452

CHAPTER 11Chemotaxis and PhagocytosisHHARRIS463

Ⅰ．Introduction463

Ⅱ．Chemotaxis465

Ⅲ．Phagocytosis480

Acknowledgements492

References492

CHAPTER 12ComplementOTTO JPLESCIA AND MICHAEL HEIDELBERGER495

Ⅰ．Introduction495

Ⅱ．Physical-chemical Aspects of Immune Haemolysis496

Ⅲ．Complement-fixation509

Ⅳ．Chemical Nature of Complement513

Ⅴ．Complement and Disease516

Ⅵ．Conclusion521

References521

CHAPTER 13The Role of the Blood Plasma in Bodily Maintenance and RepairFELIX HAUROWITZ527

Ⅰ．Introduction527

Ⅱ．The Plasma Proteins and Their Carrier Function528

Ⅲ．Formation and Breakdown of the Plasma Proteins547

Ⅳ．The Function of the Blood Plasma in the Immunological Response561

Ⅴ．Concluding Remarks588

References589

AUTHOR INDEX603

SUBJECT INDEX627