《Textile Technology》

1Introduction1

1.1 Evolution of Textile Technology1

1.2 Importance of the Textile Industry4

1.3 Manufacturing Steps5

1.4 Textile Products9

1.5 References12

2Raw Materials13

2.1Natural Fibers14

2.1.1 Plant-Derived Fibers14

2.1.2 Animal Fibers24

2.1.3 Mineral Fibers31

2.2Chemical Fibers31

2.2.1 Manufacturing Processes31

2.2.2 Chemical Fibers from Natural Polymers36

2.2.3 Chemical Fibers from Synthetic Polymers47

2.2.4 Chemical Fibers from Inorganic Raw Materials52

2.2.5 Further Processing54

2.3 Examples62

2.4 References69

3Principles and Machinery for Yarn Production74

3.1Cotton Spinning74

3.1.1 Spinning Preparation Machines77

3.1.2 Combing Room86

3.1.3 Ring Spinning Process88

3.1.4 Nonconventional Spinning Principles93

3.2 Worsted Yarn Spinning100

3.3 Mock-Worsted Spinning106

3.4 Carded Woolen Spinning107

3.5 Development Trends110

3.6 Fineness Measurements of Fibers and Yarns112

3.7 Summary of the Measurement Systems115

3.8 Examples117

3.9 References118

4Principles and Machinery for Production of Woven Fabrics124

4.1 Production Principles124

4.2Preparation for Weaving125

4.2.1 Winding125

4.2.2 Twisting127

4.2.3 Preparation of the Warp Beam128

4.2.4 Warping129

4.2.5 Section Warping129

4.2.6 Sizing129

4.3Construction of Woven Fabrics130

4.3.1 Basic Weave Patterns131

4.3.2 Special Weaving Techniques132

4.4 Design and Principle of Weaving Looms134

4.5 Development Trends141

4.6 Examples142

4.7 References147

5Processes and Machines for Knitwear Production152

5.1 Stitch Formation152

5.2Machines for Stitch Formation156

5.2.1 Knitting Machines156

5.2.2 Warp-Knitting Machines160

5.3 Development Trends163

5.4 Examples164

5.5 References165

6Processes and Machines for Nonwoven Production167

6.1Processes and Machines168

6.1.1 Processes of Web Formation169

6.1.2 Web Bonding Processes174

6.1.3 Finishing180

6.2 Applications182

6.3 Development Trends184

6.4 Examples186

6.5 References187

7Braiding Processes and Machines188

7.1Braiding Process189

7.1.1 Conventional Braiding Processes189

7.1.2 Process for the Production of 3D Braids191

7.2 Division of Braids199

7.3 Development Trends201

7.4 References202

8Processes and Machines for the Production of Two-Dimen-sional Reinforcing Fabrics with Multiaxial Construction205

8.1Warp-Knitted Multiaxial Fabrics(MAG)205

8.1.1 From Warp-Knitted Fabrics to MAG205

8.1.2 Production and Characteristics of MAG207

8.1.3 Unconventional Use of the LIBA Technology209

8.2Malimo Stitch Bonding Technology210

8.2.1 The Stitch Warp-Knitted Fabric210

8.2.2 Multiaxial Stitch Bonded Fabrics211

8.2.3 Variable Stitch Bonded Multi-Ply Fabrics (NVG)211

8.3 Development Trends213

8.4 References213

9Processes and Machines for Textile Finishing216

9.1Pretreatment216

9.1.1 Dry Pretreatment217

9.1.2 Wet Pretreatment218

9.1.3 Fiber-Specific Processes222

9.2 Drying227

9.3Coloration229

9.3.1 Dyeing229

9.3.2 Printing232

9.4Appret234

9.4.1 Chemical Appret236

9.4.2 Mechanical Finishing236

9.4.3 Thermal Finishing237

9.5 Coating237

9.6 Development Trends238

9.7 Examples239

9.8 References241

10Processes and Machines for Clothing Manufacture243

10.1 Separation244

10.2Processes of Joining248

10.2.1 Sewing248

10.2.2 Bonding and Setting256

10.2.3 Welding257

10.3 Forming258

10.4 Automation259

10.5 Development Trends262

10.6 Examples262

10.7 References263

11Technical Textiles266

11.1 Definitions of Technical Textiles266

11.2Examples of Technical Textiles267

11.2.1 Fiber-Reinforced Material267

11.2.2 Protective Textiles(Mobiltech,Protech)271

11.2.3 Textiles for Civil Engineering(Buildtech)275

11.2.4 Geotextiles(Geotech)279

11.2.5 Medical Textiles(Medtech)287

11.3 Development Trends291

11.4 References292

12Disposal and Recycling of Textiles296

12.1Circulation of Material in the Textile Industry296

12.1.1 Life Cycle of a Product296

12.1.2 "Kreislaufwirtschafts-und Abfallgesetz"(Economic Cycle and Waste Law)301

12.2Examples of Recycling302

12.2.1 Production Waste302

12.2.2 Apparel302

12.2.3 Carpeting304

12.2.4 Automobile Textiles305

12.2.5 Processing and Treatment of Reprocessed Fibers307

12.3 Development Trends311

12.4Examples312

12.4.1 Jeans312

12.4.2 Carpets312

12.4.3 Airbags312

12.5 References313

Index315