《Structural concepts and systems for architects and engineers》

1Introduction： Structure in Design of Architecture3

SECTION 1 Overall Thinking3

SECTION 2 The Architectural Design Process6

SECTION 3 An Overall Approach to Structural Education11

SECTION 4 Structure and Other Subsystems13

SECTION 5 Summary18

2Schematic Building Forms as Total Structural Systems21

SECTION 1 The Assumption of Integrity21

SECTION 2 Estimating Overall Forces on Building Forms27

SECTION 3 Aspect Ratios and Overturn Resistance32

SECTION 4 Strength and Stiffness of Buildings38

SECTION 5 Symmetry and Asymmetry in Building Forms49

3Overall Integrity and Major Subsystem Interaction53

SECTION 1 The Hierarchy of Structural Action in Building Forms53

SECTION 2 Building Forms Conceived as Solid Structures57

SECTION 3 Building Forms Conceived as Space-Structures71

SECTION 4 Space-Structures of Columns and Frames80

4 Schematic Analysis of Buildings as Total Structural Systems99

SECTION 1Space-Organizing Components as Major Structural Subsystems99

SECTION 2 Overall Versus Local Issues of Total-System Analysis101

SECTION 3 A Single-Story Open-Space Building Example 4-1111

SECTION 4 A Two-Story Parking Garage Example 4-2116

SECTION 5 A 12-Story Office Building Example 4-3120

SECTION 6 A 15-Story Apartment Mega-Structure Example 4-4124

5 Structural Loads and Responses129

SECTION 1Introduction129

SECTION 2 Dead Loads130

SECTION 3 Live Loads134

SECTION 4 Wind Loads139

SECTION 5 Earthquake Loads143

SECTION 6 Internal and External Movements in Structures148

SECTION 7 Response of Structures149

SECTION 8 Building Codes， Structural Behavior and Strength152

6 Overall Design of Horizontal Subsystems157

SECTION 1Introduction157

SECTION 2 Overall Structural Behavior of Horizontal Subsystems158

SECTION 3Flat-Plate Subsystems171

Example 6-1： Prestressed Concrete Flat Slab172

SECTION 4Slab-and-Beam Subsystems176

Example 6-2A180

Example 6-2B181

SECTION 5Joist and Girder Subsystems183

Example 6-3189

SECTION 6Waffle Subsystems191

Example 6-4： Waflle System194

SECTION 7Space Truss Systems196

Example 6-5： Steel Space Truss System199

7 Vertical Subsystems203

SECTION 1Introduction203

SECTION 2Wall Subsystems205

Example 7-1： Design of a Shear Wall212

Example 7-2： Design of a Trussed Shear Wall214

SECTION 3Shafts215

Example 7-3： Design of a Tube Subsystem218

SECTION 4 Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Vertical Loads221

SECTION 5Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Horizontal Loads223

Portal Method224

Cantilever Method229

Example 7-4： Rigid Frame Analysis230

SECTION 6Approximate Lateral Deflections of Vertical Elements232

Example 7-5： Transverse Deflection236

8Horizontal Linear Components243

SECTION 1 Sectional Shapes and Proportions of Components243

SECTION 2 Moment Diagrams248

SECTION 3 Internal Resisting Couple257

SECTION 4 Designing with Allowable and Ultimate Stresses267

SECTION 5 Deflections268

SECTION 6 Prestressing and Load Balanced PC Design272

Example 8-1275

Example 8-2279

Example 8-3280

SECTION 7 Horizontal Shear Flow in Beams281

SECTION 8 Design Examples283

Example 8-4284

Example 8-5286

Example 8-6288

Conclusion292

SECTION 9 Connections for Horizontal Components292

SECTION 10 Trusses299

9Vertical Linear Components307

SECTION 1 Ties， Hangers， and Tension Members307

SECTION 2 Short Columns—Axially Loaded310

Example 9-1： Column Design313

SECTION 3 Long Columns314

Example 9-2： Design of Slender Steel Columns322

SECTION 4 Columns Under Bending—Steel322

Example 9-3： Design of Steel Columns Under Bending324

SECTION 5 Columns Under Bending—Concrete326

Example 9-4： Design of Concrete Columns Under Bending327

Example 9-5： Design of Concrete Columns with Large Moments328

SECTION 6 Examples for Seismic Design of Columns329

Example 9-6： Concrete Column329

Example 9-7： Steel Column331

10High-Rise Buildings335

SECTION 1 Introduction335

SECTION 2Shear-Wall Systems339

Example 10-1342

SECTION 3Rigid-Frame Systems344

Example 10-2： Design of Rigid-Frame Building345

SECTION 4Tubular Systems346

Example 10-3： Design of a Round Tube Building350

Example 10-4： Sears-Roebuck Building， Chicago354

SECTION 5 Special Systems355

SECTION 6 Floor Systems365

SECTION 7 Deflections， Vibrations， and Strength369

SECTION 8 Weight of Structural Materia！s373

11Arch， Suspension， and Shell Systems377

SECTION 1 Introduction377

SECTION 2Arch Systems378

Example 11-1： Design of an Arch384

SECTION 3Suspension Systems385

Example 11-2： Design of a Suspension Subsystem391

Example 11-3： Design of a Cable Stayed Roof Subsystem391

SECTION 4Folded-Plate and Cylindrical Shells392

Example 11-4： Design of the Hippodromo Cantilevers396

SECTION 5Dome Shells397

Example 11-5： The Jakarta Dome Ring Beam408

SECTION 6Dishes409

Example 11-6： Design of a Dish413

SECTION 7Hyperbolic Paraboloid414

Example 11-7： Design of an HP Roof421

SECTION 8 Lightweight Tension Systems424

12Foundation Subsystems429

SECTION 1 Introduction429

SECTION 2 Line Footings and Mat Foundations432

SECTION 3Spread and Combined Column Footings435

Example 12-1： Design of a Spread Column Footing436

SECTION 4Pile and Caisson Foundations439

Example 12-2441

SECTION 5Retaining Walls and Coffer Dams446

Example 12-3： Retaining Wall Design447

13Construction455

SECTION 1 Introduction455

SECTION 2 Steel Construction456

SECTION 3 In-Place Concrete Construction468

SECTION 4 Precast Concrete Construction476

14 The Cost of Building Structures487

SECTION 1Introduction487

SECTION 2 Percentage Estimates489

SECTION 3 Square-Foot Estimating491

SECTION 4 Volume-Based Estimates493

SECTION 5 Some Generalizations about the Variables of Cost496

SECTION 6 Economics of Long-Span Roof Systems499

SELECTED REFERENCES505