《A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO REDUCE CRIME》

CHAPTER 1:A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO REDUCE CRIME1

The Need for a Plan2

Principles Guiding the Commission's Work4

Need for a National Commitment5

CHAPTER 2:NATIONAL GOALS AND PRIORITIES7

Goals for the Decade Ahead7

Why These Crimes?8

Why Set Quantitative Goals?10

Basic Factors in Setting Goals for Crime Reduction11

Characteristics of the Target Crimes11

Socioeconomic Changes21

Changes in Public Attitudes26

Public Support for the Criminal Justice System29

New Methods in Measuring Progress30

A Look Ahead With Priorities for Action32

Priority:Preventing Juvenile Delinquency34

Priority: Improving Delivery of Social Services36

Priority: Reducing Delays in the Criminal Justice Process37

Priority: Increasing Citizen Participation38

Conclusion40

CHAPTER 3:TOWARD A SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE41

Criminal Justice Planning44

State Planning Under the Law Enforcement Assistance Program44

Metropolitan and Regional Planning48

Participation in the Planning Process50

Criminal Justice Information Systems51

Development of Information Systems54

Criminal Histories and OBTS55

Privacy57

Criminal Justice Education60

Conclusion62

CHAPTER 4:COMMUNITY CRIME PREVENTION65

Citizen Action66

Neighborhood Security67

Volunteer Programs in Courts and Corrections68

Community Improvement70

Government Responsiveness71

Delivery of Public Services73

Social Service Delivery Mechanisms: Youth Services Bureaus75

Employment82

Education85

Drug Abuse Treatment and Prevention87

Reducing Criminal Opportunity92

Building Design93

Security Codes94

Lighting95

Other Considerations96

Integrity in Government96

Conflict of Interest97

Political Campaign Financing99

Government Procurement, Zoning, Licensing, and Tax Assessment99

Investigation and Prosecution of Corrupt Officials101

Implementing Community Crime Prevention Activities102

Conclusion102

CHAPTER 5:POLICE103

The Police Role104

Working With the Community105

Community Relations107

Reducing Criminal Opportunity107

Police and the News Media108

Minority Community Needs109

Citizen Grievances110

Patrol and Crime Prevention111

Geographic Policing112

Team Policing113

Police Community Reserves114

Diversion115

Planning and Organizing for More Effective Law Enforcement117

Deployment117

Responsibility for Police Service118

Maximum Use of Human Resources120

Recruitment120

Education121

Training122

Development, Promotion, and Advancement123

Lateral Entry124

Classification and Pay125

Women in Policing126

Use of Civilian Employees127

Employee Relations and Police Employee Organizations128

Maximum Use of Technology and Support Services129

Communications Systems130

Evidence Gathering and Criminal Laboratories132

Coordinating With Other Criminal Justice Agencies132

Case Preparation Unit133

Major Violations and Criminal Case Followup134

Formal Consultation With Other Criminal Justice Agencies135

Summons in Lieu of Arrest135

Telephonic Search Warrants136

Conclusion137

CHAPTER 6:COURTS139

Major Recommendations142

Priorities142

Court Procedures and Processes143

Reducing Caseload143

Plea Negotiation146

Pretrial Proceedings150

Trial151

Review of the Trial Court Proceedings154

Court Organization and Administration157

Improving the Quality of the Prosecution, Defense, and Judiciary159

Prosecution159

Defense161

The Judiciary163

Court-Community Relations165

Information and Education166

Use of Witnesses166

Facilities166

Juveniles167

Reorganization of Juvenile Courts168

Reform of Court Procedures169

Adjudication and Disposition of Juveniles171

Conclusion171

CHAPTER 7:CORRECTIONS173

Priorities for Action in Corrections176

Equity and Justice in Corrections176

Rights of Offenders177

Narrowing the Base of Corrections184

Emphasis on Community-Based Programs186

Unified Correctional Programs and Total System Planning190

Manpower Development192

Increased Involvement of the Public194

Setting the Program in Motion196

Adequate Financing196

Needed Legislation196

Manpower197

National Institute of Corrections197

Accreditation of Correction Agencies198

Conclusion198

CHAPTER 8:CRIMINAL CODE REFORM AND REVISION201

Reevaluation of Laws202

Decriminalization205

Drunkenness205

Vagrancy207

Minor Traffic Offenses209

Criminal Code Revision210

Conclusion212

CHAPTER 9:HANDGUNS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY213

Why Handguns Must Be Controlled by the States215

Recommendations217

Enforcement of Current Laws217

Penalties for Crimes Committed With a Handgun219

Stop and Frisk Searches220

Prohibiting the Manufacture of Handguns222

Prohibiting the Sale of Handguns224

Establishing a State Gun Control Agency224

Prohibiting the Private Possession of Handguns225

Conclusion225

CHAPTER 10:A NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO CHANGE227

Federal Encouragement228

Permanent Advisory Committee228

LEAA Block Grants or Revenue Sharing Payments229

LEAA Discretionary Grants229

Action at the State and Local Level230

Getting the Facts230

Setting Minimum Statewide Standards231

Evaluating Programs231

Other State Implementation Measures232

Professional, Civic, and Educational Support233

Cost of Crime Reduction234

Postscript235

FOOTNOTES237

SYNOPSES OF STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS249

Criminal Justice System250

Community Crime Prevention254

Police258

Courts266

Corrections273

COMMISSION MEMBERS279

THE COMMISSION'S ORIGINS AND WORK291

TASK FORCE MEMBERS294

ADVISORY TASK FORCE MEMBERS301

TASK FORCESTAFF MEMBERS, ADVISERS, CONSULTANTS, CONTRIBUTORS310