《ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CRIME AND JUSTICE VOLUME 1》

ABORTIONSusan Frelich Appleton1

ACCOMPLICESJames A.Strazzella9

ACTUS REUSMeir Dan Cohen15

ADULTERY AND FORNICATIONRalph Slovenko23

ADVERSARY SYSTEMMirjan Damaska24

AGE AND CRIMEDavid F.Greenberg30

ALCOHOL AND CRIME：BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSRobin Room35

ALCOHOL AND CRIME： LEGAL ASPECTSRaymond T.Nimmer44

ALCOHOL AND CRIME：THE PROHIBITION EXPERIMENTJoseph R.Gus48

ALCOHOL AND CRIME：TREATMENT AND REHABILITATIONHarrison M.Trice53

AMNESTY AND PARDONLeslie Sebba58

APPEALWayne R.LaFave62

ARRAIGNMENTWelsh S.White67

ARREST AND STOPCharles H.Whitebread71

ARSON： BEHAVIORAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTSJames A.Inciardi76

ARSON： LEGAL ASPECTSDenis Binder80

ASSASSINATIONAustin T.Turk82

ASSAULT AND BATTERYPaul Marcus88

ATTEMPTStephen J.Schulhofer91

BAIL： THE RIGHT TO BAILWayne R.LaFave99

BAIL： BAIL REFORMCaleb Foote107

BANISHMENT AND EXILEGordon Hawkins111

BANK ROBBERYRobert L.Bogomolny112

BIGAMYRobert J.Levy114

BLACKMAIL AND EXTORTIONJames Lindgren115

BRIBERYJohn T.Noonan, Jr.119

BURDEN OF PROOFBarbara D.Underwood125

BURGLARYFloyd FeeneyHugo Adam Bedau129

CAPITAL PUNISHMENTHugo Adam Bedau133

CORRECTIONSDavid E.Duffee143

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE： LAWSue Titus Reid Lorna Keltner147

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE： POLICEPeter K.Manning152

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE： PROBATION AND PAROLE SUPERVISIONHarvey Treger158

CAUSATIONMeir Dan Cohen162

CHARGINGWayne R.LaFave170

CHILDREN, CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES OFEdward Sagarin Allan Shore172

CLASS AND CRIMEMichael Hindelang (deceased)175

COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW AND ENFORCEMENT： CHINAStanley Lubman182

COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW AND ENFORCEMENT： ISLAMDavid F.Forte193

COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW AND ENFORCEMENT： PRELITERATE SOCIETIESLaura Nader200

COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW AND ENFORCEMENT： SOVIET UNIONHarold J.Berman207

COMPETENCY TO STAND TRIALRalph Reisner215

COMPUTER CRIMEStein Schjolberg Donn B.Parker218

CONFESSIONSYale Kamisar223

CONSPIRACYJames Alexander Burke Sanford H.Kadish231

CONSUMER FRAUDCharles B.Craver238

CONTRIBUTING TO THE DELINQUENCY OF MINORSPeter D.Garlock240

CONVICTION： CIVIL DISABILITIESRichard G.Singer243

CORONER, ROLE OF THERussell Vorpagel248

CORPORAL PUNISHMENTGordon Hawkins251

CORPORATE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITYJohn C.Coffee, Jr.253

CORPUS DELICTIStephen J.Schulhofer264

CORRECTIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATIONSDiana R.Gordon265

CORRECTIONAL TREATMENTJohn Phillips Conrad266

COUNSEL： RIGHT TO COUNSELArval A.Morris278

COUNSEL： ROLE OF COUNSELPeter W.Tague286

COUNTERFEITINGRobert L.Bogomolny291

COURTS, ORGANIZATION OFWayne R.LaFave292

CRIME： CONCEPT OF CRIMEGraham Hughes294

CRIME： DEFINITION OF CRIMEEdward L.Kimball301

CRIME CAUSATION： THE FIELDDaniel Glaser307

CRIME CAUSATION： BIOLOGICAL THEORIESVicki Pollock Sarnoff A.Mednick William F.Gabrielli, Jr.308

CRIME CAUSATION： ECONOMIC THEORIESAnn Dryden Witte316

CRIME CAUSATION： POLITICAL THEORIESHarold E.Pepinsky323

CRIME CAUSATION： PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIESHerbert C.Quay330

CRIME CAUSATION： SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIESAlbert K.Cohen342

CRIME COMMISSIONSFranklin E.Zimring353

CRIME PREVENTION：COMMUNITY PROGRAMSAnthony Sorrentino357

CRIME PREVENTION： ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIESC.R.Jeffery362

CRIME PREVENTION：JUVENILES AS POTENTIAL OFFENDERSMalcolm W.Klein366

CRIME PREVENTION： POLICE ROLEThomas C.Gray368

CRIME STATISTICS： COSTS OF CRIMEPhilip J.Cook373

CRIME STATISTICS：REPORTING SYSTEMS AND METHODSJoseph G.Weis378

CRIME STATISTICS：HISTORICAL TRENDS IN WESTERN SOCIETYTheodore N.Ferdinand392

CRIMINAL CAREERS： ORDINARY OFFENDERSPeter W.Greenwood403

CRIMINAL CAREERS：SPECIALIZED OFFENDERSJames A.Inciardi408

CRIMINAL COURTS：LOWER CRIMINAL COURTSMalcolm M.Feeley413

CRIMINAL COURTS： FELONY DISPOSITIONSPeter W.Greenwood420

CRIMINALISTICSBrian Parker429

CRIMINALIZATION AND DECRIMINALIZATIONRichard S.Frase438

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM： OVERVIEWGeoffrey C.Hazard, Jr.450

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM：SOCIAL DETERMINANTSCandace Kruttschnitt470

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM： PLANNINGAlfred Blumstein476

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM：MEASUREMENT OF PERFORMANCEBrian Forst479

CRIMINAL LAW REFORM：CONTINENTAL EUROPEHans-Heinrich Jescheck483

CRIMINAL LAW REFORM： ENGLANDP.R.Glazebrook490

CRIMINAL LAW REFORM： HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATESCharles McClain501

CRIMINAL LAW REFORM：CURRENT ISSUES IN THE UNITED STATESLouis B.Schwartz513

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE：CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTSJohn E.Nowak527

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE：COMPARATIVE ASPECTSThomas Weigend537

CRIMINOLOGY： INTELLECTUAL HISTORYIsrael Drapkin546

CRIMINOLOGY： MODERN CONTROVERSIESJames F.Short, Jr.556

CRIMINOLOGY： RESEARCH METHODSAlden D.Miller566

CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTPhillip E.Johnson575

DELINQUENT AND CRIMINAL SUBCULTURESDonald R.Cressey584

DETERRENCEJohannes Andenaes591

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, CRIME INMarshall B.Clinard597

DEVIANCEEdwin M.Lemert601

DIMINISHED CAPACITYPeter Arenella612

DISCOVERYStephen A.Saltzburg617

DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROGRAMSDaniel McGillis623

DOUBLE JEOPARDYStephen J.Schulhofer626

DRINKING AND DRIVINGH.Laurence Ross632

DRUGS AND CRIME： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSM.Douglas Anglin636

DRUGS AND CRIME： LEGAL ASPECTSJohn Kaplan643

DRUGS AND CRIME：TREATMENT AND REHABILITATIONS.B.Sells652

ECOLOGY OF CRIMEMarcus Felson665

ECONOMIC CRIME： THEORYEdmund W.Kitch670

ECONOMIC CRIME： ANTITRUST OFFENSESKevin A.Russell679

ECONOMIC CRIME： TAX OFFENSESSteven Duke683

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICEPeter P.Lejins688

EDUCATION AND CRIMEKenneth Polk692

EMPLOYEE THEFT： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSDonald N.M.Horning698

EMPLOYEE THEFT： LEGAL ASPECTSDonald N.M.Horning701

ENTRAPMENTRoger Park704

EUTHANASIAAlexander Morgan Capron709

EXCLUSIONARY RULESJohn M.Burko715

EXCUSE： THEORYGeorge P.Fletcher724

EXCUSE： DURESSMartin Lyon Levine729

EXCUSE： INFANCYMartin Lyon Levine733

EXCUSE： INSANITYAbraham S.Goldstein735

EXCUSE： INTOXICATIONHerbert Fingarette742

EXCUSE： SUPERIOR ORDERSSteven Duke745

EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION：PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTSA.Daniel Yarmey749

EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION：CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTSPaul Marcus755

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS AND CRIMEJoan McCord759

FEAR OF CRIMEAllen E.Liska765

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION：HISTORYRichard E.Morgan768

FEDERAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTIONSara Sun Beale775

FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENTNorman Abrams779

FENCING AND RECEIVING STOLEN GOODS：THE PROFESSIONAL FENCECarl Klockars785

FENCING AND RECEIVING STOLEN GOODS：LEGAL ASPECTSPeter A.Bell789

FORGERYPeter Goldberger795

GAMBLINGJerome H.Skolnick799

GRAND JURYJerold H.Israel810

GUILTHerbert Morris820

GUILTY PLEA： ACCEPTING THE PLEARonald N.Boyce825

GUILTY PLEA： PLEA BARGAININGAlbert W.Alschuler829

GUNS, REGULATION OFJames Lindgren836

HABEAS CORPUSCurtis R.Reitz843

HOMICIDE： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSMarvin E.Wolfgang849

HOMICIDE： LEGAL ASPECTSLloyd L.Weinreb855

HOMOSEXUALITY AND CRIMEAnthony Russo Laud Humphreys866

INCAPACITATIONAlfred Blumstein873

INCESTLois G.Forer880

INFORMAL DISPOSITIONRaymond T.Nim885

INTELLIGENCE AND CRIMETravis W.Hirschi891

INTERNATIONAL CRIMES AGAINST THE PEACEBenjamin B.Ferencz895

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAWM.Cherif Bassiouni901

INTERPOLMichael Fooner910

JAILSEdith E.Flynn915

JURISDICTIONB.James George, Jr.922

JURY： JURY BEHAVIORShari S.Diamond Hans Zeisel926

JURY： JURY TRIALJon M.Van Dyke932

JUSTIFICATION： THEORYGeorge P.Fletcher941

JUSTIFICATION： SELF-DEFENSEGeorge E.Dix946

JUSTIFICATION： LAW ENFORCEMENTRonald N.Boyce953

JUSTIFICATION： NECESSITYThomas Morawetz957

JUVENILE JUSTICE：HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHYSteven L.Schlossman961

JUVENILE JUSTICE：ORGANIZATION AND PROCESSMargaret K.Rosenheim969

JUVENILE JUSTICE：JUVENILE COURT DISPOSITIONYeheskel Hasenfeld977

JUVENILE STATUS OFFENDERSLee E.Teitelbaum983

KIDNAPPINGStephen Kanter993

LIBEL, CRIMINALStanley Ingber1001

LITERATURE AND CRIMEEdward Sagarin1006

MAIL： FEDERAL MAIL FRAUD ACTSara Sun Beale1015

MALICIOUS MISCHIEFF.Patrick Hubbard1018

MANN ACTWillard D.Lorensen1019

MASS MEDIA AND CRIMESandra J.Ball-Rokeach1021

MAYHEMRonald J.Allen1027

MENS REAHarold Edgar1028

MENTAL HEALTH EXPERT,ROLE OF THEStephen J.Morse1041

MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERSStephen J.Morse1046

MILITARY JUSTICE： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSClifton D.Bryant1051

MILITARY JUSTICE： LEGAL ASPECTSCharles R.Myers1056

MILITARY JUSTICE： COMPARATIVE ASPECTSCharles R.Myers1063

MISTAKEHyman Gross1066

OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY：BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSBerl Kutchinsky1077

OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY：LEGAL ASPECTSFrederick Schauer1086

OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICEDenis Binder1091

ORGANIZED CRIME： OVERVIEWFrancis A.J.Ianni1094

ORGANIZED CRIME：ENFORCEMENT STRATEGIESG.Robert Blakey1107

PENAL COLONIESJoseph V.O’Brien1113

PERJURYPeter Goldberger1116

POLICE： HISTORYDavid H.Bayley1119

POLICE： ADMINISTRATIONHerman Goldstein1125

POLICE： STATE POLICERobert Borkenstein1131

POLICE： URBAN POLICEEgon Bittner1135

POLICE：PRIVATE POLICE AND SECURITY FORCESJames B.Jacobs Ruben G.Rumbaut1139

POLICE:HANDLING OF JUVENILESRuben G.Rumbaut1142

POLICE： VICE SQUADJerome H.Skolnick Gary T.Marx1148

POLICE： MISCONDUCTGerald W.Lynch1160

POLITICAL PROCESS AND CRIMEMalcolm M.Feeley1166

PREDICTION OF CRIME AND RECIDIVISMJohn Monahan1170

PRELIMINARY HEARINGGary L.Anderson1177

PRETRIAL DIVERSIONJoan Mullen1184

PRISONERS.LEGAL RIGHTS OFSheldon Krantz1190

PRISONS： HISTORYJames Reed1197

PRISONS： TYPOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATIONSRichard G.Singer1202

PRISONS： CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENT YOUTHSRobert B.Coates1207

PRISONS： PRISONS FOR WOMENEsther Heffernan1212

PRISONS： PRISON SUBCULTUREJames B.Jacobs1218

PRISONS： PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSLee H.Bowker1225

PROBATION AND PAROLE：PAROLE GUIDELINESPeter B.Hoffman1234

PROBATION AND PAROLE：PROCEDURAL PROTECTIONFred Cohen1240

PROBATION AND PAROLE：RELEASE AND REVOCATIONDon M.Gottfredson1247

PROBATION AND PAROLE： SUPERVISIONRichard McClea1255

PROFESSIONAL CRIMINAL：PROFESSIONAL THIEFJulian B.Roebuck1260

PROFESSIONAL CRIMINAL：MAJOR OFFENDERNeal Shover1263

PROSECUTION： PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETIONNorman Abrams1271

PROSECUTION：HISTORY OF THE PUBLIC PROSECUTORAbraham S.Goldstein1286

PROSECUTION： UNITED STATES ATTORNEYMark F.Pomerantz1290

PROSECUTION： COMPARATIVE ASPECTSThomas Weigend1296

PROSTITUTION AND COMMERCIALIZED VICE：SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTSJennifer James1305

PROSTITUTION AND COMMERCIALIZED VICE：LEGAL ASPECTSDavid A.J.Richards1310

PSYCHOPATHYWilliam McCord1315

PUBLICATIONS IN CRIMINAL LAWRobert C.Berring, Jr.1318

PUBLICATIONS IN CRIMINOLOGYEdward Sagarin1322

PUBLICITY IN CRIMINAL CASESDavid L.Shapiro1325

PUBLIC OPINION AND CRIMECharles Winick1333

PUNISHMENTKent Greenawalt1336

RACE AND CRIMECharles V.Willie Ozzie L.Edwards1347

RAPE： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSA.Nicholas Groth1351

RAPE： LEGAL ASPECTSMartha A.Field1356

REHABILITATIONRichard D.Schwartz1364

RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL JUSTICECharles F.Wellford1375

RIOTS： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSE.L.Quarantelli1379

RIOTS： LEGAL ASPECTSDenis Binder1384

RIOTS： ENFORCEMENT AND CONTROLLawrence W.Sherman1387

RIOTS： PRISON RIOTSRobert B.McKay1394

ROBBERYFloyd Feeney1398

RURAL CRIMETimothy J.Carter1403

SCHOOLS, CRIME IN THEJackson Toby1407

SCOTLAND YARDKenneth A.L.Parker1410

SEARCH AND SEIZUREJames B.White1415

SECURITY, INDUSTRIALRichard S.Post1422

SEDITIONGeoffrey R.Stone1425

SENTENCING： ALLOCATION OF AUTHORITYMichael H.Tonry1432

SENTENCING： DETERMINATE SENTENCINGStevens H.Clarke1440

SENTENCING： DISPARITYElyce H.Zeno1449

SENTENCING： GUIDELINESRichard F.Sparks1455

SENTENCING： JUDICIAL FUNCTIONMarvin E.Aspen1460

SENTENCING： JURY SENTENCINGMichael H.Tonry1465

SENTENCING：MANDATORY MINIMUM PRISON SENTENCESDonald J.Newman1466

SENTENCING： PRESENTENCE REPORTPatrick D.McAnany1472

SENTENCING： PROCEDURAL PROTECTIONHarvey S.Perlman1476

SENTENCING： SENTENCING COUNCILSMichael H.Tonry1483

SEX OFFENSES： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSPark Elliott Dietz1485

SEX OFFENSES：VOYEURISM AND INECENT EXPOSUREWillard D.Lorensen1493

SHOPLIFTING：BEHAVIORAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTSRobert F.Meier1497

SHOPLIFTING:LEGAL ASPECTSLionel Frankel1500

SOLICITATIONIra P.Robbins1502

SPEEDY TRIALLewis R.Katz1506

STRICT LIABILITY： AN UNORTHODOX VIEWMark Kelman1512

STRICT LIABILITY： THE PREVALENT VIEWPhillip E.Johnson1518

SUICIDE： BEHAVIORAL ASPECTSRichard H.Seiden1521

SUICIDE： LEGAL ASPECTSPaul Marcus1526

TERRORISMWayne A.Kerstetter1529

THEFTLouis B.Schwartz1537

TORTUREJohn H.Langbein1552

TRAFFIC OFFENSESH.Laurence Ross1557

TREASONJames Willard Hurst1559

TRESPASS, CRIMINALF.Patrick Hubbard1562

TRIAL, CRIMINALWilliam T.Pizzi1563

TYPOLOGIES OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIORDon C.Gibbons1572

UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIMEDaniel Glaser1577

URBAN CRIMEPaul C.Friday1582

VAGRANCY AND DISORDERLY CONDUCTFrancis Barry McCarthy1589

VENUEB.James George, Jr.1595

VICARIOUS LIABILITYAlan Saltzman1597

VICTIM AND WITNESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMSGilbert Geis1600

VICTIM COMPENSATION AND RESTITUTIONGilbert Geis1604

VICTIMLESS CRIMERichard S.Frase1608

VICTIMOLOGYEmilio Viano1611

VIGILANTISMAndrew A.Karmen1616

VIOLENCEKenneth E.Moyer1618

VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY： CHILD ABUSESaad Z.Nagi1624

VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY： WIFE BEATINGMurray A.Straus1629

VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY：ABUSE OF THE ELDERLYMarilyn R.Block1635

WAR AND VIOLENT CRIMEDane Archer1639

WAR CRIMESLeon Friedman1645

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME：HISTORY OF AN IDEAStanton Wheeler1652

WIRETAPPING AND EAVESDROPPINGClifford S.Fishman1657

WOMEN AND CRIMERita James Simon1664

YOUTH GANGS AND GROUPSWalter B.Miller1671

GlossaryEdward Sagarin Donal E.J.MacNamara1680

LegalIndex1705

General Index1725