《The research contracts》

List of periodicals and institutes9

Introduction11

CHAPTER Ⅰ ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMICAL PRINCIPLES15

1.Science growing into a force of production15

2.From research to production20

3.The state and the science administration24

(a) Organizational conditions24

(b) Planning of scientific research25

(c) Means of science administration26

4.Economic aspects in the administration of research27

(a) Sources of research and development (R+D) activities27

(b) Exploitation of the R + D sources32

(c) Channels of financing R + D33

(d) Efficacy of R + D activities34

5.R + D as commodity37

6.Models of economic management and the research40

CHAPTER Ⅱ THE FUNCTION OF LAW IN R+D45

1.General legal implications45

2.Specific function of civil law advancing scientific-technical development48

CHAPTER Ⅲ CONTRACTUAL ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH WORK ABROAD53

1.The use of comparative method in the field of research contracts53

2.Relevant factors of comparison55

3.Research contracts in capitalist countries57

(a) United States of America57

(b) France63

(c) United Kingdom68

(d) Federal Republic of Germany69

(e) Further examples71

(f) Western R + D integration73

(g) Summary73

4.Research contracts in socialist countries77

(a) Soviet Union77

(b) German Democratic Republic82

(c) Czechoslovakia85

(d) Romania87

(e) Further examples88

(f) Socialist R + D integration90

(g) Summary91

5.Conclusions94

CHAPTER Ⅳ THE HISTORY OF THE RESEARCH CONTRACT IN HUNGARY97

1.Practice under the former economic mechanism97

2.Preliminaries of the present-day mechanism in R + D98

3.The Codification of the General Conditions99

4.Rccent experiences101

CHAPTER Ⅴ SUBJECTS-AT-LAW CO-OPERATING IN RESEARCH107

1.Positions in the chain of research107

2.The commissioning organizations108

(a) Direct user108

(b) State109

(c) Other customers111

3.Subjects-at-law in research position111

(a) Notion and types of research units111

(b) Research institutes112

ba.Institutes of the Academy112

bb.Industrial institutes115

bc.Other, quasi-institutes116

bd.Combines of institutes116

(c) Universities engaged in research117

(d) Research activities at enterprise level118

(e) The individual in research119

4.Summary121

CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSION AND TERMINATION OF RESEARCH CONTRACTS123

1.Subject-matter and contents123

(a) Principal obligation of the research party123

(b) Main obligation of the principal128

(c) Supplementary obligations130

2.The life of the research contract132

(a) Conclusion132

(b) Duration136

(c) Modification136

(d) Termination137

(e) Afterlife139

3.Co-operation in the field of research contracts140

(a) Contractual means of wider co-operation140

aa.Co-operation of several parties141

ab.Preparation of the research contract142

(b) Co-operation in a research contract142

(c) The importance of the persons involved144

CHAPTER Ⅶ PERFORMANCE AND BREACH OF CONTRACT147

1.Questions connected with performance148

(a) Place and time148

(b) Mode150

(c) Acceptance and checking151

2.Inadequate performance and its consequences154

(a) General questions of the breach of contract154

(b) Delay and impossibility155

(c) Faulty performance158

ca.Existence of a fault158

cb.Questions of warranty160

(d) Liability for damages161

(e) Other sanctions163

3.Summary164

CHAPTER Ⅷ THE DELIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH CONTRACT167

1.The system of contracts167

(a) Function of the types of contracts167

(b) Criteria of the creation of types and of systematization170

2.Attempts at classifying the research contract along with the traditional types of contracts173

(a) Economic contract?173

(b) Contract for locatio-conductio operis?175

(c) Mandate as a type of research contract?177

(d) Research contract as partnership contract?179

(e) The practicability of the contrat administratif180

3.The sui generis research contract183

4.Regulation of the research contract189

CHAPTER Ⅸ HOW THE RESULTS INTRODUCED195

1.The road from creation to application195

2.Contractual methods196

3.The result as an intellectual product198

(a) Intellectual property and the R + D198

(b) Legal protection200

(c) Trade in scientific-technical achievements202

LIST OF REFERENCES205

APPENDICES211

Ⅰ.NBTD Regulations for technical development211

Ⅱ.Patterns of research contracts220

Index of subjects227

Index of authors231