《PRISON CROWDING A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE》

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

Chapter 2 Effects of Crowding in General7

Crowding Studies with Animals8

Correlational Studies with Humans9

Experimental Studies with Humans11

Field Studies12

Chapter 3 Prison Crowding Research14

Archival Studies of Overall Prison Crowding14

Direct Assessments of Inmates in Different Types of Housing19

Effects of Changes in Housing20

Summary and Evaluation21

Chapter 4 Prison Housing23

Early Studies23

Research Procedures26

Texarkana—Singles, Doubles, and Dorms28

El Reno—Singles, Doubles, and Cubicles31

Danbury—Singles, Cubicles, and Dorms33

Atlanta—Multiple-Occupant Cells34

Overall Analyses of Housing Type35

Time in Housing37

Jail Studies38

Summary39

Chapter 5 Crowding and Health41

Illness41

Urine Chemistry Correlates of Stress and Housing45

Archival Data on Health and Maladaptive Behavior46

Changes in Population48

Summary52

Chapter 6 Background and Experiential Factors55

Background Factors57

Criminal History59

Length of Confinement60

Summary61

Tolerance for Prison Crowding63

Conclusions67

Chapter 7 Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences69

Gender Effects69

Racial Effects71

Ethnic Differences73

Summary76

Chapter 8 Theoretical Implications77

Theoretical Analyses of Crowding77

Evidential Support for the Social Interaction-Demand Model79

The Special Case of Violence84

Divergent Views86

Chapter 9 Practical Implications and Future Directions89

Major Findings89

Practical Implications90

Future Directions91

Appendix97

References101

Author Index109

Subject Index113