《The disintegration of natural law theory》

Introduction1

PART Ⅰ21

Chapter Ⅰ： Aquinas’s variations on a divine theme21

1.Conflicting interpretations23

2.Exemplar of divine wisdom26

3.The divine style applied30

4.The role of nature33

5.Fullness of being36

6.Desired and desirable40

7.Conclusion46

Chapter Ⅱ： Aquinas’s awareness of contingency49

1.Synderesis： the angel’s eye50

2.Unquestionable parameters51

3.The scope of certainty54

4.The movement of reason57

5.Prudentia： undemonstrable wisdom61

6.Deduction and determination65

7.The separation of law and morals68

8.Conclusion70

PART Ⅱ77

Chapter Ⅲ： Suarez’s distinction between creation and legislation77

1.A narrower concept of law80

2.Eternal law82

3.First fissures86

4.The script of natural law89

5.The silence of rational nature91

6.The ineffectiveness of rational judgement95

7.Suarez’s middle-course98

8.Human nature101

9.Conclusion102

Chapter Ⅳ： The limits of Suarez’s natural law theory105

1.The certainty of conclusions105

2.Implied conditions107

3.Human power111

4.Liberty and property114

5.Reason plus will118

6.The ius gentium121

7.Custom123

8.Conclusion125

Chapter Ⅴ： Grotius’s humanisation of natural law129

1.De Jure Praedae： the formal structure of law132

2.The scepticism of the JP134

3.The inadequacy of the JP137

4.Human nature139

5.Divine law142

6.A comparison with Aquinas and Vazquez145

7.The idealisation of human nature148

8.Tensions in ‘human nature’152

9.Conclusion155

Chapter Ⅵ： Grotius’s shift from natural law to natural rights157

1.The limited scope of natural law158

2.The crucial role of consent161

3.The artificial state163

4.Implied consent166

5.International pacts168

6.The right to wage war170

7.Perfect rights173

8.The superfluity of a legislator176

9.Conclusion179

Chapter Ⅶ： Pufendorf’s divine conductor181

1.Weak and wicked184

2.The orchestra of mankind187

3.Law versus rights190

4.Moral entities193

5.Unbridled nature196

6.The sovereign legislator198

7.The two faces of man201

8.Conclusion203

Chapter Ⅷ： Pufendorf’s reconstruction of rationality205

1.The different roles of man205

2.The state of nature209

3.Reverse engineering211

4.Agreements216

5.The social contract219

6.The lack of a ius gentium221

7.Conclusion224

PART Ⅲ231

Chapter Ⅸ： Finnis’s natural law without nature231

1.The ambitions of modern natural law theory234

2.A moral methodology237

3.Selection of the basic goods239

4.The self-evidence of the basic goods242

5.The incommensurability of the basic goods244

6.The irrelevance of nature247

7.Practical reason curtailed250

8.The hidden role of nature253

9.Conclusion256

Chapter Ⅹ： Finnis’s decisionism259

1.Ideals and ideal-types259

2.The moral and technical aspects of law262

3.Determination and deduction265

4.The Rule of Law and the common good268

5.Rights and the common good271

6.Decisionism274

7.Civil obedience278

8.Conclusion282

Epilogue287

References299

Index307