《ENERGY LAW'88》

TOPIC 1： OIL TRADING IN THE NEW PRICE ERA3

Australian Crude Oil in a Free MarketRobert J. Foster3

Nigerian Oil Trading ExperienceMartin M. Olisa20

Legal Issues in International Crude Oil Trading： An UpdateSteven B. Pfeiffer32

Oil Trading from the Perspective of a Litigator with Particular Emphasis on the Maritime Law Issues of Oil TradingPeter McCallum Martyr61

Form versus Function： The Struggle to Adapt Legal Machinery to Economic RealityJeffrey A. Mayer Laurie Ferber80

The Pressure for Contractual ChangeChristopher R. Davie95

TOPIC 2： INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN COMMODITIES AND MINERALS125

European， American and Japanese Conceptions of Contractual Obligation： Hard Minerals Contracts as a Case StudyProfessor Terence Daintith125

Utilisation of Options in Hedging Price Risks for Producers and Consumers in CommoditiesOwen Murphy140

TOPIC 3： THE CHANGING NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY153

Governmental Regulation of the Natural Gas Market in the United StatesThomas G. Johnson153

Deregulation in CanadaRobert C. Muir187

Privatisation and Regulation of the Natural Gas Industry in the UKGilbert C. Hogg215

Legal Aspects of Gas Marketing in DenmarkPeter K. Storm226

The Production and Marketing of Natural Gas in Western Australia：An Historical PerspectiveMichael E. Wright237

TOPIC 4： COPING WITH GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN RESOURCE PROJECTS263

State Taking and Regulation of Resource Interests： An IntroductionDr. Michael Crommelin263

Constraints on Legislative Actions Affecting Natural Resources DevelopmentDonald N. Zillman Ola Mestad Jan Laitos268

Responsiveness and Security Within Resource Regimes：Regulation v. Contract Professor Alastair R. Lucas294

Responsiveness and Security Within Resource RegimesProfessor Dr. Gunther Kuehne319

The Legal Characterisation of Resource Interests： Does it Matter？Professor Arvid Frihagen345

The Legal Structure and Characterisation of a Resource Interest：Does it Matter？Dr. Peter D. Cameron356

Government Intervention in Resources ProjectsMatthew J. Walsh361

Typical Problems and Experiences of Practitioners： The Canadian National Energy ProgramJames L. Gaffney379

A Practitioner’s Experience in Coping With Political RisksTomislavo E. J. P. Dabinovic383

A Practical Response to State Intervention in Resource Projects：International Insurance Against Political Risk Through MIGAClaude Duval393

TOPIC 5： RESPONSES TO BLACK MONDAY413

Responses to Black Monday： An Australian PerspectiveDavid M. Hoare413

The BP Disaster and the Future of Multijurisdictional Securities OfferingsThomas Joyce424

TOPIC 6： BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY：US CHAPTER 11 AND OTHER CURRENT ISSUES435

Recent Developments in Relief Against Forfeiture and PenaltiesThe Hon. Mr. Justice Gummow435

Default in Relation to the Abandonment of Installations on the United Kingdom Continental ShelfPhilip Rouse451

Chapter Ⅱ of the US Bankruptcy CodeRobinson B. Lacy469

Issues in Bankruptcy： An Operator’s PerspectiveJohn B. McWilliams490

TOPIC 7： ISSUES IN FINANCING OF RESOURCE COMPANIES501

Disclosure Requirement for Oil and Gas Producers under the US Federal Securities LawThomas Joyce501

Disclosure Requirements and Issues in Canada for Multi-jurisdictional Public Offerings by Resource CompaniesDavid W. Drinkwater530

Disclosure Requirements in Multijurisdictional Public IssuesG. F. K. Santow605

Current Issues Relating to Syndication， Agency， Set-off，Information Memorandum and Fiduciary DutiesMichael F. Orr632

Current English Legal Issues Affecting Debt Financing—Subordination，Set-off， Security， Syndication， Comfort LettersRoger McCormick641

Fiduciary DutiesStephen Spargo665

Current Canadian Legal Issues Affecting Debt Financing—Subordination，Set-off， Security， SyndicationBrian G. Hansen674

TOPIC 8： COAL SUPPLY IN A MARGINAL PRICE ERA695

Long-Term Coal Supply Agreements in an Oversupplied and Declining MarketRichard A. Kalaher695

Coal Supply in a Marginal Price EraColin J. R. McKillop722

Characteristics with Regard to the Federal Republic of GermanyDr. Dietrich Reinhardt738

TOPIC 9： INCREASING EXPLORATION INCENTIVES IN INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM AGREEMENTS747

Overview： Increasing Exploration Incentives in International Petroleum AgreementsMont P. Hoyt747

Problems Related to the Negotiation of Production - Sharing Contracts Andre Moquet762

Exploration and Production Agreements for Natural GasGerald B. Greenwald776

Incentive Policy and Measures Adopted in China on Offshore Petroleum Exploration and Development on the Basis of Mutual BenefitYou Dehua793

TOPIC 10： CONFRONTING THE FUTURE：NUCLEAR OR RENEWABLE？803

The Swedish Decision to WithdrawGunnar Andersson803

Geothermal EnergyDerek S. Firth812

Tidal Energy from the Severn EstuaryMichael Buckland824

Wind Energy： The California ExperienceArturo Gandara844

An Australian PerspectivePeter A. Bobeff855

TOPIC 11： JOINT VENTURE WORKSHOP：UNITISATION AGREEMENTS NEGOTIATIONS863