《Money》

CHAPTER ⅠTHE MERITS AND DRAWBACKS OF MONEY1

1．Introductory1

2．A Definition of Money2

3．The Advantage of Money to the Consumer3

4．The Advantage of Money to the Producer5

5．The Monetary Veil over Lending and Saving7

6．Monetary Instability and the Distribution of Wealth8

7．Monetary Instability and the Creation of Wealth10

CHAPTER ⅡTHE VALUE OF MONEY14

Ⅰ．WHAT IS MEANT BY THE VALUE OF MONEY14

1．A Definition of the Value of Money14

2．Changes in the Value of Money15

3．Difficulties of Measurement17

4．Provisional Solution20

Ⅱ．HOW THE VALUE OF MONEY IS DETERMINED23

5．Resemblances between Money and Other Things23

6．Differences between Money and Other Things25

7．The Public＇s Demand for Money28

8．Money Sitting and Money on the Wing30

9．Problems Ahead31

CHAPTER ⅢTHE QUANTITY OF MONEY34

Ⅰ．THE KINDS OF MONEY34

1．Bank Money and Common Money:Legal Tender,Optional and Subsidiary Money34

2．Convertible and Definitive Money36

3．Token and Full-bodied Money38

Ⅱ．THE QUANTITY OF BANK MONEY40

4．The Relation of Cheques to Deposits40

5．The Relation of Deposits to Reserves of Common Money42

6．The Magnitude of Bank Reserves44

7．The Relation of Deposits to Common Money outside Bank Reserves48

Ⅲ．THE QUANTITY OF COMMON MONEY49

8．The Relation of Convertible Common Money to Reserves49

9．The Composition of Reserves52

CHAPTER ⅣTHE GOLD STANDARD53

1．The Gold Bullion and Gold Circulation Systems53

2．The Bimetallic and Limping Systems55

3．Foreign Exchange under Arbitrary Standards57

4．Foreign Exchange under a Gold Standard61

5．The Gold Exchange System62

6．The Value of Money and the Value of Gold65

7．The Value of Gold and its Cost of Production67

CHAPTER ⅤMONEY AND SAVING70

1．A Preliminary View of Bank Loans70

2．The Continuity of Bank Loans72

3．The Imposition of Forced Saving74

4．The Conversion of Spontaneous Saving77

5．Bank Loans and Industrial Progress80

6．Bank Loans and the Needs of Trade82

7．Circulating Capital85

8．The Four Crucial Fractions86

CHAPTER ⅥMONEY IN THE GREAT MUDDLE90

Ⅰ．MONETARY COLLAPSE90

1．The Causes of the Expansion of Money Supplies90

2．The Expansion of Bank Money in England92

3．The Expansion of Common Money in England94

4．The Inter-reactions of the Conditions of Demand for and Supply of Money97

5．The Misbehaviour of the Foreign Exchanges99

6．The Divergence between Internal and External Price-levels100

Ⅱ．MONETARY RESTORATION102

7．The Pinning of the Exchanges102

8．The Machinery of Stabilisation104

9．The Effects of Stabilisation on Industry107

10．The Aftermath of Stabilisation109

CHAPTER ⅦTHE QUESTION OF THE STANDARD111

1．The Case for a Price-level Varying Inversely with Productive Power111

2．The Case for a Gently Rising Price-level114

3．The Case against the Gold Standard116

4．The Case for Conformity to a World Gold Standard120

5．The General Case for the Gold Standard121

6．The Control of the World Value of Gold123

7．The Case for Re-valuation of the Pound124

8．The Case against the Re-valuation of the Pound126

CHAPTER ⅧTHE QUESTION OF THE CYCLE129

1．Money in a Trade Boom129

2．The Mechanism of Control by the Central Bank132

3．The Stimulation of Saving135

4．The Qualitative Control of Bank Loans138

5．The Manipulation of the Rate of INterest140

6．The Rationing of Bank Loans142

7．The Need to Control Falling Prices145

8．Expedients for the Control of Falling Prices147

9．The Scope for Government Intervention148

Appendix A150

Appendix B152

CHAPTER ⅨMONEY IN THE SECOND GREAT MUDDLE155

1．The Great Slump155

2．The Scramble to Recovery158

3．The Morrow of War161

4．Changes in the Rules162

5．The New Monetary Club166

CHAPTER ⅩPROBLEMS OF WORDS,THOUGHT AND ACTION171

1．Prices and Output171

2．Saving and Capital Outlay173

3．Hoarding and Dishoarding178

4．Depression and Stagnation179

5．The Role of Public Finance181

6．Monetary Policy and the Rate of Interest183

7．Monetary Policy and Money Wage Rates186