《RESISTANCE STRAIN GAUGES THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE》求取 ⇩

INTRODUCTION1

1WIRE-WoUND STRAIN GAUGES4

Change of resistance of a stretched wire4

Range of application of strain gauges5

Construction of a strain gauge6

Coil-wound (solenoidal)type6

Grid type9

Commercial gauges10

Materials12

2CEMENTS14

General considerations14

Methods of applying heat to the surface16

Weather protection and waterproofing19

Properties of various cements20

3BRIDGE THEORY26

The basic circuit26

The Wheatstone bridge26

Voltage sensitivity27

Dependence of voltage sensitivity on gauge current and polarizing voltage29

Choice of the parameter“n”32

Current sensitivity32

Sensitivity with maximum gauge current34

Current sensitivity related to power dissipation36

Capacitor circuit for measuring alternating strains38

4 CIRCUITS AND METHODS40

The slide-wire bridge40

The multiple gauge circuit43

Temperature errors44

The temperature compensating gauge45

Recording steady strains47

The A.C.fed bridge47

Reactive balancing of the bridge50

The chopper method for D.C.amplification51

The D.C.pen-type recorder53

Recording alternating strains54

General considerations in the recording of alternating signals56

The confluent pulse technique59

Calibration of gauges59

5SLIP-RINGS64

The standard circuit64

The rotating bridge65

Slip-ring design66

Causes of hash67

The brush-ring surface67

Ring materials:surface films68

Brush design70

Ring insulation71

Bearings72

Mercury slip-rings73

6STRAIN-SENSITIVE LACQUER75

General considerations75

Practical details76

7STRESS AND STRAIN IN TWO DIMENSIONS79

The principal axes of stress79

Strain in two dimensions81

Mohr’s circles of Stress and Strain83

Limiting forms of Mohr’s circles89

8THE MEASUREMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRAINS90

General considerations:Rosettes90

Analysis of Rosette results92

Arithmetical analysis of results:the 45°Rosette92

Arithmetical analysis of results:the 120°Rosette93

Analysis by Mohr’s circles:the 45°Rosette94

Analysis by Mohr’s circles:the 120°Rosette97

Analysis by reference to graphs:the 45°Rosette98

Analysis by reference to graphs:the 120°Rosette103

Relation between the 45°and the 120°charts106

Appendix108

1CROSS-SENSITIVITY OF A GAUGE108

2 THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE AS A CURRENT SOURCE111

3 THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE:SENSITIVITY RELATED TO POWER DISSIPATION114

4 THE BEHAVIoUR OF A STRETCHED OR HEATED WIRE116

Index125

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