《organic remains of a former world VOL.1》

LETTER Ⅰ1

RATIONAL Application of Wealth and Leisure...Snake-stones...Fairies changed to Snakes...Fairies'Nightcaps...Bones of Giants...Thunderbolts1

LETTER Ⅱ6

Vestiges of the Inhabitants of a former World...Lime-stone and Marble...Medals of Creation...Pleasures afforded by this Science...Animals in the former World, different from those of the present6

LETTER Ⅲ14

Early Existence of these Substances...Noticed by Xenophanes, Herodotus, Eratosthenes, Strabo, Pliny, Ovid,c...Sketch of the History of the Science14

LETTER Ⅳ30

Opinions respecting the Origin of these Bodies...Plastic Power...Translation of seminal Principles...Growth of Stones...Terms...Figured Stones...Diluvian Stones...Fossils, extraneous or adventitious...New terms proposed...Secondary Fossils, vegetable or animal...Fossilia vulgo dicta...Impressions...Casts...Figured Stones30

LETTER Ⅴ39

Form of the Earth's Surface...Mountains...Strata...Wisdom manifested in their Disposition...Different Kinds of Earths...Alumine; forming Clay, Lithomarga, Slate, c...Silica; forming Rock Crystals, Calcedony, Flint, c...Lime; forming Lime-stone, Chalk, Tufa, Marble, c...Magnesia; forming Steatites, Asbestos, Serpentine, c...Sulphurets, Pyrites, or Marcasites39

LETTER Ⅵ47

Pleasures of Travelling...Wood-stone...Inquiries respecting Vegetable Fossils47

LETTER Ⅶ52

Vegetable Fossils...Fossil Trees...Described by the Ancients...By the Moderns...Found in almost every Part of the World52

LETTER Ⅷ75

Constituents of Vegetables...Food of Vegetables75

LETTER Ⅸ79

Resolution of Vegetables into their first Principles...First Step in the Mineralization of Vegetables...Vegetable Mould...lgnis Fatuus79

LETTER Ⅹ85

Peat or Turf...Description of...Various Kinds...Length of Time known...Found in various Parts of the World85

LETTER Ⅺ101

Bituminous Wood...Surturbrand of Iceland...Bovey Coal of England101

LETTER Ⅻ123

In Answer, from Bovey...Present State of the Coal-pit at Bovey...Strata, c123

LETTER ⅩⅢ127

Bitumens...Particular Kinds described...Known to Writers of the highest Antiquity...History of Naphtha, Petroleum, and Asphaltum, from the more ancient Naturalists127

LETTER XIV138

Account of Bitumens continued, from more modern Authors...Ray, Dolomieu, c...Tar Lake in the Island of Trinidad...Petroleum Wells in the Burmha Dominions...Russia, c*...138

LETTER ⅩⅤ150

Amber...Known to the earliest Writers in Natural History...Jet...Succinum nigrum of the Ancients...Cannel Coal...Difference between it and Jet150

LETTER ⅩⅥ159

Coal described...Different Kinds of Coal...Doubtful if known to the Greeks, or early Romans...Brought into common Use, in this Island, but in modern Times...Found in various Parts of the World159

LETTER ⅩⅦ173

Particularities observable in different Coal-pits...Cannel Coal...Pyrites,c173

LETTER ⅩⅧ179

Bituminous Fermentation...Compared with the other Species of Fermentation...Bitumens, the Result of this process...Peat, a vegetable Fossil, the first Product of this Fermentation179

LETTER ⅩⅨ189

Fossil Trees, imbedded in Peat, have undergone the bituminous Fermentation...The Changes which mow-burnt Hay undergoes, somewhat similar to that produced by the bituminous Fermentation189

LETTER ⅩⅩ195

Examination of Opinions respecting the Origin of Peat...Aboriginal Formation...A marine Deposit...Mineral Origin...Floating Islands...A recent Vegetable Substance195

LETTER ⅩⅪ206

The purer Bitumens, the Result of the same Fermentation by which Peat has been formed...Bituminous Fermentation imitates, in its Result, the Operation of Secretion...Mineral Tallow, perhaps of animal Origin...Other Arguments in favour of bituminous Fermentation206

LETTER ⅩⅫ218

Of the Origin of the purer Bitumens...Naphtha...Petroleum...Mineral Tar...Mineral Pitch ...Asphaltum...Amber...Mellite...Jet and Cannel Coal218

LETTER ⅩⅩⅢ233

Opinions respecting the formation of Coal...Earth impregnated with Petroleum, the Opinion of Buffon and Gensanne...Opinion of Sign.Arduino...Of Dr.Hutton and Professor Playfair...Of Mr.Williams...Of Mons.Tingry...Of Dr.Darwin...Of Mr.Kirwan...Of Mr.Hatchett...Of Mons.Patrin...Of Mons.Fourcroy233

LETTER ⅩⅩⅣ246

Inquiry respecting the Origin of Coal continued...Hypothesis proposed...Mosaic Account of the Deluge...Objections against...Universality of the Deluge...Changes thus effected...Vegetable Matter disposed iu Situations in which Coal now exists296

LETTER ⅩⅩⅤ256

Inquiry whether the vegetable Matter was deposited at the Deluge under Circumstances favourable to its Conversion to Coal...Bitumen alone not fitted for Fuel...Other Matters necessary to be added...Peculiar Arrangement of the Particles256

LETTER ⅩⅩⅥ265

Recapitulation...Apparent Agreement of the Hypothesis with the Economy of Nature265

LETTER ⅩⅩⅦ272

Mineral Charcoal...Opinions respecting...Subterranean Combustion of Pit-coal...Combustion of Pyrites...Mineral Charcoal272

LETTER ⅩⅩⅧ283

Pyritous Woods...Opinions of Dr*Hutton and Mr*Playfair—Igneous Origin...Aqueous Ori-gin examined283

LETTER ⅩⅩⅨ295

Petrifaction...Theories respecting...Substitution...Adopted by Walch, Kirwan, Daubenton, Fourcroy, c...Theory of Dr.Hutton and Mr.Playfair295

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩ306

Theory of the Petrifaction of Wood proposed...Petrified Wood, silicious, calcareous, and aluminous306

LETTER ⅩⅩⅪ311

Silicious Pebbles...Conjectures as to the Time and Mode of their Formation...Crystalline Fluid of Reaumur...Agatine Nodules...Theory of their Formation...Opinions of Dr.Hutton and Mr.Playfair...Aqueous Origin supported311

LETTER ⅩⅩⅫ323

Silicious Waters of Carlsbad...Of Iceland...Of Bath...Silicious Tufa of the Geyser...Vegetable Calculi...Flint in the Epidermis of Plants323

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅢ328

Petrified Wood...Divided into silicious, calcareous, aluminous, c...Silicious divided into silicized Wood and silicized bituminous Wood...The latter, into calcedonic, agatine, jasperine, and opaline328

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅣ331

Calcedonic Wood...agatine...jasperized331

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅤ337

Opaline Wood...The Result of the Union of silicious and soft bituminous Matter337

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅥ345

Evident Affinity between silicized, bituminous, or opaline Wood and Pitch-stone...Analysis of opaline Wood...Of Pitch-stone...Similarity inferred345

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅦ353

Semi-opal...Experiment on Semi-opal of Telkebany...Opal...Its wonderful Properties...Analysis by Klaproth...Horn-stone and Flint353

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅧ360

Calcareous Wood...Lime frequently held in solution,in Water...Various Forms of Deposition ...Confetto di Tiuoli...Quarries of tufaceous Stone...Stalactitic Caverns360

LETTER ⅩⅩⅩⅨ374

Calcareous fossil Wood...Where found...Calcareous Wood of Oxfordshire...Dorsetshire...Somersetshire...Analysis...Mixture of Spar and Bitumen...Calcareous Wood of New South Wales...Aluminous Wood, c374

LETTER ⅩL384

Metallic Fossil Wood...Bog Iron Ore...Fossil Wood, impregnated with Iron...With Copper, c384

LETTER ⅩLⅠ391

Variety of petrified Woods...Proceeding from original natural Difference...From the Labours of Man391

LETTER ⅩLⅡ401

Varieties of petrified Woods continued...Those proceeding from the Operations of Insects...Starry Stone of Chemnitz...Teredo Marina401

LETTER ⅩLⅢ411

Secondary vegetable Fossils...In Schisti...In Sand-stone...In calcareous Strata...In argillace ous Nodules411

LETTER ⅩLⅣ416

Great Difficulty of ascertaining even the Genera of the Plants which are thus preserved...Dorsiferous Plants and Cacti most common416

LETTER ⅩLⅤ424

Fossil Stems of Plants...Of the Reed, c...Fossilium incognitum424

LETTER ⅩLⅥ431

Remarks on Leaves contained in Nodules...Impressions of the same Side of the Leaf on each Nodule...Accounted for by Jussieu, Schultz, c...Explanation proposed431

LETTER ⅩLⅦ436

Fossil Flowers...Their Existence doubtful...Fossil Seeds and Seed-vessels...Fossil Fruits436

LETTER ⅩLⅧ455

Conclusion455