《the ancient volcanoes of great British VOL.I》

BOOK ⅠGENERAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION1

CHAPTER Ⅰ Earliest Knowledge of Volcanoes—Their Influence on Mythology and Superstition—Part taken by Volcanic Rocks in Scenery—Progress of the Denudation of Volcanoes—Value of the Records of former Volcanoes as illustrating Modern Volcanic Action Favourable Position of Britain for the Study of this Subject1

CHAPTER Ⅱ The Nature and Causes of Volcanic Action—Modern Volcanoes10

CHAPTER Ⅲ Ancient Volcanoes:Proofs of their existence derived from the Nature of the Rocks erupted from the Earth's Interior. A. Materials erupted at the Surface—Extrusive Series. i. Lavas, their General Characters. Volcanic Cycles. ii. Agglomerates, Breccias and Tuffs14

CHAPTER Ⅳ Materials erupted at the Surface—Extrusive Series—continued. iii. Types of old Volcanoes—1. The Vesuvian Type ; 2. The Plateau or Fissure Type ; 3. The Puy Type. iv. Determination of the relative Geological Dates of Ancient Volcanoes. v. How the Physical Geography associated with Ancient Volcanoes is ascertained39

CHAPTER Ⅴ Underground Phases of Volcanic Action. B. Materials injected or consolidated beneath the Surface—Intrusive Series:Ⅰ. Vents of Eruption—i. Necks of Fragmentary Materials;ii. Necks of Lava-form Materials;iii. Distribution of Vents in relation to Geological Structure-Lines;iv. Metamorphism in and around Volcanic Cones, Sol-fataric Action; v. Inward Dip of Rocks towards Necks;vi. Influence of contem-poraneous Denudation upon Volcanic Cones; vii. Stages in the History of old Volcanic Vents52

CHAPTER Ⅵ Underground Phases of Volcanic Action—continued. Ⅱ. Subterranean Movements of the Magma: i. Dykes and Veins; ii. Sills and Laccolites; iii. Bosses (Stocks, Culots), Conditions that govern the Intrusion of Molten Rock within the Terrestrial Crust77

CHAPTER Ⅶ Influence of Volcanic Rocks on the Scenery of the Land—Effects of Denudation100

BOOK ⅡVOLCANIC ACTION IN PRE-CAMBRIAN TIME 109

CHAPTER ⅧPRE-CAMBRIAN VOLCANOES109

The Beginnings of Geological History—Difficulties in fixing on a generally applicable Terminology—i. The Lewisian (Archaean) Gneiss; ii. The Dalradian or Younger Schists of Scotland; iii. The Gneisses and Schists of Anglesey; iv. The Uriconian Volcanoes; v. The Malvern Volcano; vi. The Charnwood Forest Volcano109

BOOK ⅢTHE CAMBRIAN VOLCANOES139

CHAPTER ⅨCHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAMBRIAN SYSTEM IN BRITAIN139

The Physical Geography of the Cambrian Period—The Pioneers of Pal?ozoic Geology in Britain—Work of the Geological Survey in Wales—Subdivisions of the Cambrian System in Britain139

CHAPTER Ⅹ THE CAMBRIAN VOLCANOES OF SOUTH WALES145

CHAPTER Ⅺ THE CAMBRIAN VOLCANOES OF NORTH WALES,THE MALVERN HILLS AND WARWICKSHIRE159

BOOK ⅣTHE SILURIAN VOLCANOES173

CHAPTER Ⅻ CHARACTERS OF THE SILURIAN SYSTEM IN BRITAIN. THE ARENIG VOLCANOES The Land and Sea of Silurian time—Classification of the Silurian System—General Petro-graphy of the Silurian Volcanic Rocks—I. The Eruptions of Arenig Age173

CHAPTER ⅩⅢTHE ERUPTIONS OF LLANDEILO AND BALA AGE202

i. The Builth Volcano—ii. The Volcanoes of Pembrokeshire—iii. The Caernarvonshire Volcanoes of the Bala Period—iv. The Volcanic District of the Berwyn Hills—v. The Volcanoes of Anglesey—vi. The Volcanoes of the Lake District; Arenig to close of Bala Period—vii. Upper Silurian(?) Volcanoes of Gloucestershire202

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ THE SILURIAN VOLCANOES OF IRELAND239

BOOK VTHE VOLCANOES OF DEVONIAN AND OLD RED SANDSTONE TIME257

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ THE DEVONIAN VOLCANOES257

CHAPTER ⅩⅥTHE VOLCANOES OF THE OLD RED SANDSTONE263

Geological Revolutions at the close of the Silurian Period—Physical Geography of the Old Red Sandstone—Old Lake-basins, their Flora and Fauna—Abundance of Volcanoes—History of Investigation in the Subject263

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ DISTRIBUTION OF THE VOLCANIC CENTRES IN THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE—CHARACTERS OF THE MATERIALS ERUPTED BY THE VOLCANOES271

CHAPTER ⅩⅧ STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE VOLCANIC ROCKS IN THE FIELD281

CHAPTER ⅩⅨVOLCANOES OF THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE OF "LAKE CALEDONIA"294

Description of the several Volcanic Districts:" Lake Caledonia,"its Chains of Volcanoes The Northern Chain:Montrose Group—Ochil and Sidlaw Hills—the Arran and Cantyre Centre—the Ulster Centre294

CHAPTER ⅩⅩ VOLCANOES OF THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE OF "LAKE CALEDONIA "—continued The Southern Chain—The Pentland Volcano—The Biggar Centre—The Duneatou Centre —The Ayrshire Volcanoes317

CHAPTER ⅩⅪ VOLCANOES OF THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE OF THE CHEVIOT HILLS, LORNE,"LAKE ORCADIE" AND KILLARNEY336

CHAPTER ⅩⅫ VOLCANOES OF THE UPPER OLD RED SANDSTONE—THE SOUTH-WEST OF IRELAND,THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND348

BOOK ⅥTHE CARBONIFEROUS VOLCANOES355

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅢ THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM OF BRITAIN AND ITS VOLCANIC RECORDS355

Geography and Scenery of the Carboniferous Period—Range of Volcanic Eruptions during that time—Ⅰ. The Carboniferous Volcanoes of Scotland—Distribution, Arrangement and Local Characters of the Carboniferous System in Scotland—Sketch of the Work of previous Observers in this Subject355

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅣCARBONIFEROUS VOLCANIC PLATEAUX OF SCOTLAND367

I. The Plateau-type restricted to Scotland—i. Distribution in the Different Areas of Eruption—ii. Nature of the Materials Erupted367

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅤGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CARBONIFEROUS VOLCANIC PLATEAUX OF SCOTLAND383

1. Bedded Lavas and Tuffs; Upper Limits and Original Areas and Slopes of the Plateaux;2. Vents; Necks of Agglomerate and Tuff;Necks of Massive Rock;Composite Necks; 3. Dykes and Sills; 4. Close of the Plateau-eruptions383

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅥTHE CARBONIFEROUS PUYS OF SCOTLAND414

i. General Character and Distribution of the Puys;ii. Nature of the Materials Erupted—Lavas Ejected at the Surface—Intrusive Sheets—Necks and Dykes—Tuffs414

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅦGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CARBONIFEROUS PUYS OF SCOTLAND424

1. Vents: Relation of the Necks to the Rocks through which they rise—Evidence of the probable Sub?rial Character of some of the Cones or Puys of Tuff—Entombment of the Volcanic Cones and their Relation to the Superficial Ejections. 2. Bedded Tuffs and Lavas—Effects of Subsequent Dislocations. 3. Sills, Bosses, and Dykes424

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅧILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF THE CARBONIFEROUS PUYS OF SCOTLAND462

The Basin of the Firth of Forth—North Ayrshire—Liddesdale462