《A treatise on the diatomaceae》

CHAPTER Ⅰ.1

STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORY OF DIATOMS1

1.Structure1

2.Movement9

3.Multiplication and Reproduction13

STUDY OF DIATOMS24

Workroom24

Artificial Illumination24

Instruments—Microscope25

Instruments Accessory Apparatus28

DRAWINGAND DETERMINING SPECIES28

COLLECTING DIATOMS29

Collecting inland29

Marine and Pelagic Collections39

Collecting from Fossil Deposits42

Collecting from Marine Deposits42

Collecting from Guano Deposits42

Collecting from Lacustrine Deposits43

CULTIVATION OF DIATOMS43

Ordinary Cultivation of Fresh Water Diatoms46

Artificial Cultivation of Marine Diatoms47

Pure Cultivation of Diatoms48

Mr.C.Houghton Gill's Cultivations50

Results of Experiments with Cultivations52

TERATOLOGY OF DIATOMS55

PREPARATION OF DIATOMS65

Prof.H.L.Smith's Method67

Mr.Fredk.Kitton's Method71

Mr.J.Kinker's Method73

Prof.Brun's Method74

Preparation with Styrax and Liquidambar76

Preparations in very Refractive Liquids77

CHAPTER Ⅱ.83

TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIATOMS.83

Frustule83

Valves84

Raphe and Nodules92

Endochrome94

Table of the Pfitzer Petit Classification95

Classification adopted in this Work97

Of Genus and Species98

CHAPTER Ⅲ.104

BIBLIOGRAPHY104

General Bibliography104

Collections of Diatoms110

Collections used for this Work111

Special Bibliography of the British Isles113

TABLE OF NAMES OF AUTHORS AND COLLECTORS CITED121

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT122

DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES.125

SUB-FAMILY Ⅰ.—RAPHIDIE?125

TRIBE Ⅰ.-CYMBELLE?125

Genus 1.AMPHORA EHR., 1831125

Genus 2.CYMBELLA AG., 1830, CHAR.EM140

Genus 3.ENCYONEMA (KTZ., 1833), H.V.H.EMEND,1885148

TRIBE Ⅱ.-NAVICULE?152

Genus 4.MASTOGLOIA THWAITES,1848, CHAR.EM153

Genus 4a.STIGMOPHORA WALLICH, 1860156

Genus 5.DICTYONEIS CLEVE,1890157

Genus 6.STAURONEIS EHR., 1843, CHAR.EM158

Genus 7.NAVICULA BORY, 1822162

Genus 8.RHOICONEIS GRUN., 1863238

Genus 9.CVMATONEIS CLEVE, 1894238

Genus 10.COLLETONEMA ( BREB., 1849), H.VAN HEURCK, 1885238

Genus 11.VAN HEURCKIA BREB., 1868, CHAR.EM239

Genus 12.STENONEIS CLEVE, 1894241

Genus 13.CISTULA CLEVE, 1894241

Genus 14.A MPHIPLEURA KTZ., 1844242

Genus 15.REICHELTIA H.VAN HEURCK, 1895243

Genus 16.BR EBISSONIA GRUN., 1860244

Genus 17.ROUXIA J.BRUN. HERIB., 1893244

Genus 18.BERKELEVA (GREV., 1827),H.VAN HEURCK,1885245

Genus 19.SCOLIOPLEURA GRUN, 1860246

Genus 20.TOXONIDEA DONKIN, 1858247

Genus 21.DONKINIA RALFS., 1860248

Genus 22.PLEUROSIGMA W.SM.,1853249

Genus 23.RHOICOSIGMA GRUN.,1867,EM.PERAG.,1891260

Genus 24.AMPHIPRORA (EHR.),1843,CLEVE,1891261

Genus 25.TROPIDONEIS CLEVE,1891263

Genus 26.AURICULA CASTR.,1873266

TRIBE Ⅲ.—GOMPHONOME?268

Genus 27.GOMPHONEMA AG., 1824, CHAR.EM268

Genus 28.RHOICOSPHENIA GRUN., 1860275

TRIBE Ⅳ.—ACHNANTHE?276

Genus 29.ACHNANTHIDIUM (KTZ.) GRUN., 1880276

Genus 30.ACHNANTHES BORY., 1822277

TRIBE Ⅴ.—COCCONEIDE?283

Genus 31.ORTHONEIS GRJN., 1868, EM.GRUN., 1880283

Genus 32.ANORTHONEIS GRUN., 1868, EM.CLEVE, 1893284

Genus 33.CAMPVLONEIS GRUN., 1863285

Genus 34.COCCONEIS (EHR., 1835) GRUN., 1868286

SUB-FAMILY Ⅱ.—PSEUDO-RAPHIDIE?292

Cohort Ⅰ.—Fragilariine?293

TRIBE Ⅵ.—EPITHEMIE?293

Genus 35.EPITHEMIA BREB., 1838294

Genus 36.EUNOTIA EHR., 1837, CHAR.EM298

Genus 37.PSEUDO-EUNOTIA GRUN., 1865 AND 1882305

Genus 38.CERATONEIS EHR., 1840305

Genus 39.ACTINELLA LEWIS, 1863306

TRIBE Ⅶ.—SYNEDRE?307

Genus 40.SYNEDRA, 1831, CHAR.EM307

Genus 41.CAMPYLOSTYLUS SHADB., 1849318

Genus 42.ASTERIONELLA HASS., 1850320

Genus 43.THALASSIOTHRIX CLEVEGRUN, 1880321

TRIBE Ⅷ.—FRAGILARIE?322

Genus 44.FRAGILARIA LYNGBYE, 1819, CHAR.EM323

Genus 45.CYMATOSIRA GRUN., 1862327

Genus 46.CAMPYLOSIRA GRUN., 1862327

TRIBE Ⅸ.—RAPHONEIDE?328

Genus 47.CLAVICULA PANT., 1886328

Genus 48.TEREBRARIA GREV., 1864329

Genus 49.RAPHONEIS EHR., 1844329

Genus 50.TRACHVSPHENIA PAUL PETIT, 1877331

Genus 51.SCEPTRONEIS EHR, 1844331

Genus 52.GRUNOVIELLA H.VAN HEURCK, 1892332

Genus 53.PERONIA BREB. ARN., 1868333

Genus 54.OPEPHORA PAUL PETIT, 1888333

TRIBE Ⅹ.—PLAGIOGRAMME?334

Genus 55.GLVPHODESMIS GREV., 1862334

Genus 56.OMPHALOPSIS GREV., 1863335

Genus 57.DIMEREGRAMMA RALFS., 1860, CHAR.EM.335

Genus 57bis TUBULARIA BRUN., 1894337

Genus 58.PLAGIOGRAMMA GREV., 1859337

Cohort Ⅱ.—Tabellariine?338

TRIBE Ⅺ.—ENTOPVLE?338

Genus 59.EUTOPYLA EHR., 1841339

Genus 60.GEPHVRIA W.ARNOTT, 1860340

TRIBE Ⅻ.—LICMOPHERE?341

Genus 61.LICMOPHORA AG., 1827, CHAR.EM341

Genus 62.CLIMACOSPHENIA EHR., 1843345

TRIBE ⅩⅢ.—MERIDIONE?347

Genus 63.MERIDION AG., 1824347

TRIBE ⅩⅣ.-DIATOME?348

Genus 64.DIATOMA DE CANDOLLE, 1805, CHAR.EM348

Genus 65.DENTICULA KTZ., 1844, CHAR.EM351

TRIBE ⅩⅤ.—TABELLARIE?352

A.Only two false septa.353

Genus 66.DIATOMELLA GREV., 1855353

Genus 67.GRAMMATOPHORA EHR., 1839353

B.More than two false sepla.356

Genus 68.TABELLARIA EHR., 1839356

Genus 69.TETRACYCLUS (RALFS, 1843) GRUN, 1862357

Genus 70.STYLOBIBLIUM EHR., 1845359

Genus 71.RHABDONEMA KTZ., 1844360

Genus 72.CLIMACOSIRA GRUN., 1862361

Genus 73.STRIATELLA AG., 1832362

Genus 74.LAMELLA BRUN., 1894364

Cohort Ⅲ.—Surirelline?364

TRIBE ⅩⅥ.—SURIRELLE?364

Genus 75.PODOCYSTIS Ktz., 1844, CHAR.EM365

Genus 76.HYDROSILICON BRUN., 1891366

Genus 77.CYMATOFLEURA W.SM., 1851366

Genus 78.SURIRELLA TURPIN, 1827368

Genus 79.CAMPYLODISCUS EHR., 1841375

Cohort Ⅳ.—Nitzschiine?380

TRIBE ⅩⅦ.—N ITZSC H I E?380

Genus 80.HANTZSCHIA GRUN., 1877380

Genus 81.NITZSCHIA (HASSALL, 1845;WM.SMITH) CHAR.EM.,GRUN., 1880382

Genus 82.GOMPHONITZSCHIA GRUN.,1808408

TRIBE ⅩⅧ.—CYLINDROTHECE?409

Genus 83.CYLINDROTHECA RAB.,1859409

SUBFAMILY Ⅲ.—CRYPTO-RAPHIDIE?B410

TRIBE XIX.—CH?TOCERE?412

Genus 84.RHIZOSOLENIA (EHR.BRIGHTWELL) PER.EM.1892413

Genus 85.DACTYLIOSOLEN (CASTR., 1886) CHAR.EM.PERAG., 1892416

Genus 86.GUINARDIA H.PERAG., 1892417

Genus 87.LAUDERIA CLEVE, 1873418

Genus 87bis PERAGALLOA SCHUTT, 1895419

Genus 88.ATTHEVA WEST, 1860420

Genus 89.CH?TOCEROS EHR.(1844) CHAR.EM420

Genus 90.DITVLUM BAILEY, 1861424

Genus 91.SYNDETONEIS GRUN., 1888425

Genus 92.PVRGODISCUS KITTON, 1885426

Genus 93.SVRINGIDIUM EHR., 1845427

Genus 94.HERCOTHECA EHR., 1844427

Genus 95.GONIOTHECIUM EHR., 1844428

TRIBE XX.—MELOSIRE?429

Genus 96.PVXILLA (GREV., 1864) H.V.H., 1893430

Genus 97.KTENODISCUS PANT., 1889430

Genus 98.PEPONIA GREV., 1863431

Genus 99.STRANGULONEMA GREV., 1865431

Genus 100.SVNDETOCVSTIS RALFS, 1864432

Genus 101.RUTILARIA (GREV., 1863) GREV., EM., 1866433

Genus 102.CLAVITLARIA GRIN., 1865433

Genus 103.STEPHANOPYXIS EHR., 1844, CHAR.EM434

Genus 104.MUELLERIELLA H.VAN HEURCK, 1894435

Genus 105.THALASSIOSIRA CLEVE, 1892436

Genus 106.SKELETONEMA GREV., 1865437

Genus 107.STEPHANOGONIA EHR., 1844, CHAR.EM437

Genus 108.PANTOCSEKIA GRUN., 1886437

Genus 109.MELOSIRA AG., 1824, CHAR.EM438

Genus 110.ENDVCTIA EHR., 1845445

Genus 111.CVCLOTELLA KTZ., 1833445

Genus 112.PODOSIRA ERR., 1840447

Genus 113.DRURIDGEA DONKIN, 1861448

Genus 114.HVALODISCUS EHR., 1854448

Genus 115.CENTROPORUS PANT., 1889449

TRIBE ⅩⅪ.—BIDDULPHIE?.451

Ⅰ.—Isthmie?.451

Genus 116.ISTHMIA AGARDH, 1830451

Ⅱ.—Hemiaulide?.452

Genus 117.TERPSINOE EHR., 1843452

Genus 118.HYDROSERA WALLICH, 1858453

Genus 119.ANAULUS (EHR., 1844) CHAR.EMEND454

Genus 120.HELMINTHOPSIS H.VAN.HEURCK, 1892455

Genus 121.HEMIAULUS (Ehr., 1844) H.L.SMITH EM455

Genus 122.PLOIARIA PANT., 1889457

Genus 123.GRAVA BRUNGROVE, 1892458

Genus 124.PSEUDO-RUTILARIA GROVE STURT, 1886459

Genus 125.RUTILARIOPSIS H.V.H.1894459

Genus 126.BAXTERIA H.V.H., 1893460

Ⅲ.—Eucampie?.461

Genus 127.EUCAMPIA (EHR., 1839) CHAR.EM461

Genus 128.CLIMOCODIUM GRUN., 1868462

Genus 129.STREPTOTHECA CLEVE, 1890463

Genus 130.BELLEROCHEA H.V.H., 1885464

Genus 131.LITHODESMIUM EHR., 1840465

Ⅳ.—Eubiddulphic?.466

Genus 132.BIDDULPHIA GRAV, 1831466

Genus 133.ENTOGONIA GREV., 1863476

Genus 134.PORPEI A (BAILEV; RALFS, 1861477

Genus 135.TABULINA BRUN., 1889477

Genus 136.ODONTOTROPIS GRUN., 1884478

Genus 137.KERATOPHORA PANT., 1889478

Genus 138.KITTONIA GROVESTURT, 1887479

Genus 139.HUTTONIA GROVE STURT, 1887480

Genus 140.GROVEA AD.SCHMIDT, 1890480

TRIBE ⅩⅫ.—EUPODISCE?481

GENUS 141.AULISCUS (EHR., 1843), BAILEY EM., 1854482

Genus 142.PSEUDO-AULISCUS LEUD.-FORT., 1879483

Genus 143.PSEUDO-CERATAULUS PANT., 1889483

Genus 144.MONOPSIS GROVESTURT, 1887484

Genus 145.GLYPHODISCUS GREV , 1862485

Genus 146.FENESTRELLA GREV., 1863485

Genus 147.BERGONIA TEMPERE, 1891486

Genus 148.EUPODISCUS EHR , 1844486

Genus 149.AULACODISCUS EHR., 1845487

Genus 150.CRASPEDOPORUS GREV., 1863489

Genus 151.ROPERIA GRUN., 1885, IN H.V.H.ATL490

Genus 152.ISODISCUS RATTRAY.1888490

Genus 153.RATTRAYELLA DE TONI, 1889491

Genus 154.CESTODISCUS GREV., 1865491

Genus 155.PERITHYRA EHR.,1854492

Genus 156.MICROPODISCUS GRUN., 1883492

TRIBE ⅩⅩⅢ.—HELIOPELTE?.493

Genus 157.ACTINOPTYCHUS EHR., 1838493

Genus 158.TRUANIA PANT., 1886497

Genus 159.ACTINODISCUS GREV., 1863497

Genus 160.ANTHODISCUS GROVESTURT, 1887498

Genus 161.ACTINODICTYON PANT., 1889498

Genus 162.LEPIDODISCUS WITT., 1885499

TRIBE XXIV.—ASTEROLAMPRE?500

LIOSTEPHANIA EHR., 1847 (INTERNAL ?VALVES?)501

GYROPTYCHUS AD.SCHM., 1890 (INTERNAL VALVES OF Actinoplychus.)508

Genus 163.CLADOGRAMMA EHR., 8844502

Genus 164.MASTOGONIA EHR., 1844502

Genus 165.GYRODISCUS WITT., 1885503

Genus 166.ASTEROLAMPRA EHR., 1844504

Genus 167.ASTEROMPHALUS EHR., 1844504

Genus 168.STELLADISCUS RATTRAY, 1890505

Genus 169.RYLANDSIA GREV., 1861505

Genus 170.STICTODISCUS GREV., 1861506

Genus 171.ARACHNOIDISCUS EHR., 1849506

Genus 172.RADIOPALMA BRUN, 1891507

TRIBE ⅩⅩⅤ.—COSCINODISCE?509

SEC.I.—Pyxide?510

Genus 173.PYXIDICULA EHR., 1833510

Genus 174.LIRADISCUS GREV., 1865511

Genus 175.XANTHIOPYXIS EHR., 1844512

Genus 176.GOSSLERIELLA SCHUTT, 1893513

SEC.Ⅱ.—Brightwellie?514

Genus 177.BRIGHTWELLIA RALFS, 1861514

Genus 178.HETF.RODICTYON GREV., 1863514

Genus 179.CRASPEDODISCUS EHR., 1844515

Genus 180.PORODISCUS GREV., 1863516

Genus 181.BRUNIA TEMPERE, 1890517

SEC.Ⅲ.—Acanthodisce?519

Genus 182.ACANTHODISCUS PANT., 1892519

SEC.Ⅳ.—Hyalino-Radie?520

Genus 183.STEPHANODISCUS EHR., 1855, ?EMEND.GRUN520

Genus 184.COSMIODISCUS GREV., 1866521

Genus 185.ANISODISCUS GRUN., 1886521

Genus 186.ACTINOCYCLUS EHR., 1840522

SEC.Ⅴ.—Eu-Coscinodisce?525

Genus 187.COSCINODISCUS EHR., 1838525

PLANK-I ONIELLA SCHUTT, 1893534

ANTELMINELLIA SCHUTT, 1893534

ETHMODISCUS CASTR., 1886—Valve with Very delicate stri?555

HAYNALDIF.LLA PANT., 1892—ValVe with flammiform stri?535

Genus 188.JANISCHIA GRUN., 1882536

STOSCHIA JAN.IN LITT537

WILLEMOESIA CASTR., 1886537

SEC.Ⅵ.—Hemidisce?538

Genus 189.EUODIA BAILEY, 1860538

Genus 190.PALMERIA GREV., 1865538

Genus 191.LEUDUGERIA TEMPERE, 1893539

GENERA DUBIA ET INCERT? SEDIS-540

Van Heurckiella Pant., 1892540

Spermatogonia Leud.Fortm., 1892541

Cheloniodiscus Pant., 1869541

Heribaudia M.Perg , 1893542

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES543

GENERAL INDEX555

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA558

PLATES559