《GENERAL PRINCIPLES DF LAW》

INTRODUCTION1

PART ONE THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-PRESERVATION29

INTRODUCTORY29

1.TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE32

A.Exclusion and Expulsion of Aliens32

B.Measures to Promote Public Welfare36

Ⅰ.Expropriation37

Ⅱ.Requisition40

Ⅲ.Compensation47

Ⅳ.Conclusions49

C.Measures to Ensure Public Safety51

Ⅰ.Administrative Measures52

Ⅱ.Forcible Measures58

D.Conclusions67

2.EXTERNAL APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE69

A.Necessity69

B.Self-Defence77

Ⅰ.On the High Seas77

1.In Time of Peace79

2.In Time of War80

Ⅱ.In Foreign Territory83

Ⅲ.Self-Defence as a Juridical Concept92

1.Meaning92

2.Object93

3.Conditions Governing its Existence and Exercise94

(a) Instant Danger94

(b) Unjustifiable Character of the Danger95

(c) Absence of Lawful Means of Protection95

(d) Reasonableness in its Exercise96

4.Self-Defence as a Justiciable Issue96

C.Self-Help97

D.Conclusions99

PART TWO THE PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH105

INTRODUCTORY105

3.GOOD FAITH IN TREATY RELATIONS106

A.Formation of Treaties106

B.Treaties Sub Spe Rati109

C.Pacta Sunt Servanda112

D.Performance of Treaty Obligations114

E.Denunciation of Treaties119

4.GOOD FAITH IN THE EXERCISE OF RIGHTS (THE THEORY OF ABUSE OF RIGHTS)121

A.The Malicious Exercise of a Right121

B.The Fictitious Exercise of a Right122

Ⅰ.Evasion of the Law122

Ⅱ.Evasion of Treaty Obligations123

C.Interdependence of Rights and Obligations123

Ⅰ.Rights and Treaty Obligations123

Ⅱ.Rights and Obligations under General International Law129

D.Abuse of Discretion132

5.OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLE137

A.Duty to Notify a Change in Policy137

B.Duty to Maintain the Status Quo140

C.Allegans Contraria Non Est Audiendus141

D.Nullus Commodum Capere De Sua Injuria Propria149

E.Fraus Omnia Corrumpit158

PART THREE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW IN THE CONCEPT OF RESPONSIBILITY163

6.GENERAL NOTIONS163

A.Eesponsibility as a Juridical Concept163

B.Unlawful Act in International Law170

C.Imputability in International Law180

Ⅰ.The State181

Ⅱ.State Representation183

Ⅲ.Rival Governments185

Ⅳ.Acts of Officials192

7.THE PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY208

8.THE PRINCIPLE OF FAULT218

9.THE PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRAL REPARATION233

10.THE PRINCIPLE OF PROXIMATE CAUSALITY241

PART FOUR GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS257

INTRODUCTORY257

11.JURISDICTION259

A.Extra Compromisum Arbiter Nihil Facere Potest259

B.Jurisdiction over Incidental Questions266

C.Competence to Indicate Interim Measures of Protection267

12.POWER TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF JURISDICTION (COMPETENCE DE LA COMPETENCE)275

13.NEMO DEBET ESSE JUDEX IN PROPRIA SUA CAUSA279

14.AUDIATUR ET ALTERA PARS290

15.JURA NOVIT CURIA299

16.PROOF AND BURDEN OF PROOF302

Judicial Notice303

Presumptions304

The Admission and the Apprisal of Evidence307

Statements and Affidavits of the Claimant309

Testimonial Evidence312

Documentary Evidence318

"Best Evidence" Rule320

Circumstantial Evidence322

Prima Facie Evidence323

Burden of Proof326

17.THE PRINCIPLE OF RES JUDICATA336

A.Meaning336

B.Limits339

C.Scope348

D.Nullity and Voidability357

Ⅰ.Incompetence357

Ⅱ.Violation of the Principle Nemo Debet Esse Judex In Propria Sua Causa357

Ⅲ.Violation of the Principle Audiatur Et Altera Pars357

Ⅳ.Fraud and Corruption358

Ⅴ.Fraud of the Parties and Collusion of Witnesses358

Ⅵ.Manifest and Essential Error361

Ⅶ.Fresh Evidence364

18.EXTINCTIVE PRESCRIPTION373

CONCLUSIONS387

APPENDICES397

1.Draft Code of General Principles of Law397

2.Municipal Codes which Provide for the Application of the General Principles of Law,Equity,or Natural Law400

3.Bibliography409

A.General Works on International Decisions409

B.Works on General Principles of Law412

C.Select Specialised Bibliography416

Index439