《An Outline of The Treatment of Fractures Fourth Edition》

AN OUTLINE OF THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES Foreword1

FRACTURE APHORISMS2

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE TREATMENT2

The Fracture Lesion2

Healing of Fractures4

First Aid6

Examination and Diagnosis8

Treatment10

Fractures without Displacement10

Fractures with Displacement10

Open Fractures12

Manual Traction and Traction-Suspension14

ORGANIZATION OF FRACTURE SERVICE IN HOSPITALS17

Minimum Standard for Treatment of Fractures in Hospitals17

MEASURING AND RECORDING JOINT FUNCTION18

General Principles18

Spine18

Neck18

Shoulder18

Elbow22

Wrist22

Fingers23

Thumb25

Hip25

Knee26

Ankle26

Foot27

GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR X-RAY EXAMINATION OF FRACTURES28

Hand28

Wrist28

Forearm28

Elbow28

Humeral Shaft28

Shoulder Girdle28

Acromioclavicular Joint29

Chest for Ribs29

Skull32

Facial Bones32

Lower Jaw34

Cervical Spine34

Dorsal Spine34

Lumbar Spine and Sacroiliac Joints34

Pelvis and Hips34

Femoral Neck37

Femur37

Knee37

Leg37

Ankle37

Foot37

Os Calcis37

FRACTURES OR BONES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY38

Clavicle38

Humerus40

Anatomical Neck of Humerus40

Tuberosities40

Greater Tuberosity40

Lesser Tuberosity42

Both Tuberosities42

Surgical Neck of Humerus42

Shaft of Humerus43

Lower End of Humerus45

Treatment46

Supracondylar Fractures46

Condylar—Single47

Inner Condyle47

T-Fractures47

Epiphyseal Separations47

Ulna48

Olecranon48

Shaft of Ulna49

Radius49

Head and Neck of Radius49

Cases Requiring Operative Treatment50

Shaft of Radius50

Colles＇Fracture50

Shafts of Radius and Ulna52

Carpus52

Navicular(Scaphoid)53

Lunate(Semilunar)53

Metacarpus54

Metacarpal Neck54

Metacarpal Shafts54

First Metacarpal54

Phalanges of Hand55

FRACTURES OF BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY56

Femur56

Neck of Femur56

Intertrochanteric Fractures58

Subtrochanteric Fractures58

Shaft of Femur59

Lower End of Femur63

Patella63

Tibia and Fibula65

Upper End of Tibia65

Shaft of Tibia and Fibula66

Ankle67

Tarsus72

Astragalus72

Os Calcis72

Tarsal Scaphoid(Navicular)73

Metatarsus73

Phalanges of Foot73

FRACTURES OF THE SPINE75

Fractures of the Dorsal and Lumbar Spine75

The Application of the Plaster Jacket77

Fracture Dislocations of the Dorsolumbar Spine77

Fracture Dislocations of the Dorsolumbar Spine with Cord Injury77

Fractures of the Cervical Spine78

Fracture Dislocation with Cord Injury78

Complications of Fractures or Fracture Dislocations of the Spine78

Skull79

Pelvis79

Ribs80

REHABILITATION81

BIBLIOGRAPHY83