《CIBA Foundation Symposium Jointly With Co-ordinating Committee For Symposia On Drug Action On Enzyme》

Wellcome Building Sessions1

Session 1：Enzymes as Primary Points of Drug Action＆Chairman：F．BERGEL1

Chairman＇s introduction1

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase＆by I．B．WILSON4

Discussion：ALDRIDGE，BECKETT，BERGEL，BLASCHKO，KREBS，R．J．P．WILLIAMS，WILSON13

Carbonic anhydrase inhibition and physiological function＆by H．W．DAVENPORT16

Discussion：BERGEL，BLAIR，DAVENPORT，HUNT，LUTWAK-MANN，R．J．P．WILLIAMS27

Session 2：Active Transport＆Chairman：W．WILBRANDT30

Pinocytosis＆by H．HOLTER30

Discussion：GOLBERG，HOLTER，SOLS，YOUNG39

Possible mechanisms of active transport＆by W．WILERANDT43

Discussion：HOLTER，SMYTH，WIDDAS，WILBRANDT57

Effects of drugs on active transport＆by K．H．BEYER and J．E．BAER60

Discussion：BEYER，WILBRANDT82

Session 3：Multiple Mechanisms＆Chairman：J．H．GADDUM83

Ⅰ．Insulin83

The explanation of the action of insulin on sugar permeability at molecular level＆by R．B．FISHER83

Action of insulin on metabolic reactions＆by E．B．CHAIN95

Discussion：BUSH，CHAIN，DANIELLI，de DUVE，FISHER，KEYNES，MARRACK，SOLS，WILBRANDT，WOLLENBERGER，YOUNG110

Ⅱ．Digitalis115

Action of cardiac glycosides on ionic movements＆by M．WEATHERALL115

Digitalis：action on metabolism and the contractile system＆by A．WOLLENBERGER127

Discussion：BAKER，DRAPER，EDMAN，KEYNES，WASER，WHITTAM，WOLLENBERGER150

Ⅲ．Central Nervous System Depressants155

Action of barbiturates upon respiratory enzymes＆by W．N．ALDRIDGE155

Appraising enzymic actions of central depressants by examining cerebral tissues＆by H．MCILWAIN170

Discussion：ALDRIDGE，BRADLEY，CREMER，DRAPER，JOHNSON，JUDAH，KEYNES，MCILWAIN，NICOLLS，PHILLIS，REMMER，WHITTAM，R．J．P．WILLIAMS199

Section 4：Receptors＆Chairman：W．D．M．PATON206

Relation between enzymes and cholinergic receptors＆by P．G．WASER206

Discussion：COLLIER，CREESE，HOBBIGER，WASER218

Induction of receptors＆by R．MILEDI220

Discussion：BECKETT，DORNHORST，MILEDI，PATON，PETERS，VRBOVA，ZAIMIS236

Session 5：Altered Drug Metabolism＆Chairman：R．T．WILLIAMS239

Chairman＇s introduction239

Adaptive enzymes in animals＆by W．E．KNOX245

Discussion：BERGEL，FISHER，KNOX274

Drug tolerance＆by H．REMMER276

Discussion：REMMER，SCHULMAN，R．T．WILLIAMS298

The genetics of drug sensitivity with special reference to suxamethonium＆by H．HARRIS and MARY WHITTAKER301

Discussion：AMBACHE，BLASCHKO，DANIELLI，HARRIS，HOBBIGER，KNOX，MILEDI，SPINKS313

Session 6：Drug Metabolism：Subcellular Aspects＆Chairman：SIR RUDOLPH PETERS317

Drug metabolism－subcellular mechanisms＆by B．B．BRODIE317

Discussion：BECKETT，BRODIE，LACEY，NIMMO-SMITH，REMMER，R．J．P．WILLIAMS340

Cellular injury by drugs＆by K．R．REES344

Protection against cellular injury by drugs＆by J．D．JUDAH359

Discussion：ATKINSON，BRODIE，DRAPER，GOLBERG，JUDAH，O＇BRIEN，PATON，REES，REMMER，WEATHERALL384

Session 7：Panel Discussion＆Chairman：J．F．DANIELLI388

Speakers：ALDRIDGE，BERGEL，BLASCHKO，BRODIE，de DUVE，FISHER，GADDUM，HOLTER，JUDAH，MCILWAIN，PATON，PETERS，REMMER，SHULMAN，SMYTH，SOLS，SPINKS，WASER，WEATHERALL，WILBRANDT，R．J．P．WILLIAMS，R．T．WILLIAMSS388

Ciba Foundation Sessions on Drug-Enzyme Interaction at the Molecular level＆Chairman：SIR HANS KREBS401

Session 1：Enzymes401

Introduction：Enzymes＆by J．F．DANIELLI401

Models of active centres：acetylcholine410

Active transport418

Mode of action of insulin423

Limitations of enzymes as models429

Section 2：Receptors435

Introductions：Receptors＆by H．O．SCHILD435

Definition of receptors439

Identifying active centres443

Effect of denervation on receptors451

Events at the cell membrane453

Rate theory of drug action456

Interaction at the Subcellular and Cellular Levels＆Chairman：SIR RUDOLPH PETERS463

Session 3：Subcellular Level463

Introduction：Membranes＆by C．DE DUVE463

Subcellular particles472

Phosphatidic acid cycle478

Antihistamines and membrane permeability481

Drug concentrations in vitro484

Session 4：Cellular Level487

Introduction：Cellular aspects＆by H．MCILWAIN487

Reconstituting in vitro488

In vitro and in vivo494

Microsomal enzymes497

Endoplasmic reticulum505

Enzymes in young animals508

Transaminase and GABA514

Drug interactions516

General considerations518