《Our Oriental Heritage》

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CIVILIZATION1

Chapter Ⅰ：THE CONDITIONS OF CIVILIZATION1

Chapter Ⅱ：THE ECONOMIC ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION5

Ⅰ．FROM HUNTING TO TILLAGE5

Ⅱ．THE FOUNDATIONS OF INDUSTRY11

Ⅲ．ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION16

Chapter Ⅲ：THE POLITICAL ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION21

Ⅰ．THE ORIGINS OF GOVERNMENT21

Ⅱ．THE STATE23

Ⅲ．LAW25

Ⅳ．THE FAMILY29

Chapter Ⅳ：THE MORAL ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION36

Ⅰ．MARRIAGE36

Ⅱ．SEXUAL MORALITY44

Ⅲ．SOCIAL MORALITY51

Ⅳ．RELIGION56

Chapter Ⅴ：THE MENTAL ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION72

Ⅰ．LETTERS72

Ⅱ．SCIENCE78

Ⅲ．ART82

Chronological Chart：Types and Cultures of Prehistoric Man90

Chapter Ⅵ：THE PREHISTORIC BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION90

Ⅰ．PALEOLITHIC CULTURE90

Ⅱ．NEOLITHIC CULTURE98

Ⅲ．THE TRANSITION TO HISTORY102

BOOK ONETHE NEAR EAST111

Chronological Table of Near Eastern History113

Chapter Ⅶ：SUMERIA116

Ⅰ．ELAM117

Ⅱ．THE SUMERIANS118

Ⅲ．PASSAGE TO EGYPT134

Chapter Ⅷ：EGYPT137

Ⅰ．THE GIFT OF THE NILE137

Ⅱ．THE MASTER BUILDERS144

Ⅲ．THE CIVILIZATION OF EGYPT156

Ⅳ．THE HERETIC KING205

Ⅴ．DECLINE AND FALL213

Chapter Ⅸ：BABYLONIA218

Ⅰ．FROM HAMMURABI TO NEBUCHADREZZAR218

Ⅱ．THE TOILERS226

Ⅲ．THE LAW230

Ⅳ．THE GODS OF BABYLON232

Ⅴ．THE MORALS OF BABYLON244

Ⅵ．LETTERS AND LITERATURE248

Ⅶ．ARTISTS254

Ⅷ．BABYLONIAN SCIENCE256

Ⅸ．PHILOSOPHERS259

Ⅹ．EPITAPH263

Chapter Ⅹ：ASSYRIA265

Ⅰ．CHRONICLES265

Ⅱ．ASSYRIAN GOVERNMENT270

Ⅲ．ASSYRIAN LIFE274

Ⅳ．ASSYRIAN ART278

Ⅴ．ASSYRIA PASSES282

Chapter Ⅺ：A MOTLEY OF NATIONS285

Ⅰ．THE INDO-EUROPEAN PEOPLES285

Ⅱ．THE SEMITIC PEOPLES290

Chapter Ⅻ：JUDEA299

Ⅰ．THE PROMISED LAND299

Ⅱ．SOLOMON IN ALL HIS GLORY302

Ⅲ．THE GOD OF HOSTS308

Ⅳ．THE FIRST RADICALS314

Ⅴ．THE DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JERUSALEM320

Ⅵ．THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK328

Ⅶ．THE LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE BIBLE339

Chapter ⅩⅢ：PERSIA350

Ⅰ．THE RISE AND FALL OF THE MEDES350

Ⅱ．THE GREAT KINGS352

Ⅲ．PERSIAN LIFE AND INDUSTRY355

Ⅳ．AN EXPERIMENT IN GOVERNMENT359

Ⅴ．ZARATHUSTRA364

Ⅵ．ZOROASTRIAN ETHICS368

Ⅶ．PERSIAN MANNERS AND MORALS373

Ⅷ．SCIENCE AND ART376

Ⅸ．DECADENCE381

BOOK TWOINDIA AND HER NEIGHBORS387

Chronological Table of Indian History389

Chapter ⅩⅣ：THE FOUNDATIONS OF INDIA391

Ⅰ．SCENE OF THE DRAMA391

Ⅱ．THE OLDEST CIVILIZATION？394

Ⅲ．THE INDO-ARYANS396

Ⅳ．INDO-ARYAN SOCIETY399

Ⅴ．THE RELIGION OF THE VEDAS402

Ⅵ．THE VEDAS AS LITERATURE405

Ⅶ．THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE UPANISHADS410

Chapter ⅩⅤ：BUDDHA416

Ⅰ．THE HERETICS416

Ⅱ．MAHAVIRA AND THE JAINS419

Ⅲ．THE LEGEND OF BUDDHA422

Ⅳ．THE TEACHING OF BUDDHA428

Ⅴ．THE LAST DAYS OF BUDDHA436

Chapter ⅩⅥ：FROM ALEXANDER TO AURANGZEB440

Ⅰ．CHANDRAGUPTA440

Ⅱ．THE PHILOSOPHER-KING446

Ⅲ．THE GOLDEN AGE OF INDIA450

Ⅳ．ANNALS OF RAJPUTANA454

Ⅴ．THE ZENITH OF THE SOUTH456

Ⅵ．THE MOSLEM CONQUEST459

Ⅶ．AKBAR THE GREAT463

Ⅷ．THE DECLINE OF THE MOGULS472

Chapter ⅩⅦ：THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE477

Ⅰ．THE MAKERS OF WEALTH477

Ⅱ．THE ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY482

Ⅲ．MORALS AND MARRIAGE488

Ⅳ．MANNERS，CUSTOMS AND CHARACTER496

Chapter ⅩⅧ：THE PARADISE OF THE GODS503

Ⅰ．THE LATER HISTORY OF BUDDHISM503

Ⅱ．THE NEW DIVINITIES507

Ⅲ．BELIEFS511

Ⅳ．CURIOSITIES OF RELIGION517

Ⅴ．SAINTS AND SCEPTICS522

Chapter ⅩⅨ：THE LIFE OF THE MIND526

Ⅰ．HINDU SCIENCE526

Ⅱ．THE SIX SYSTEMS OF BRAHMANICAL PHILOSOPHY533

Ⅲ．THE CONCLUSIONS OF HINDU PHILOSOPHY552

Chapter ⅩⅩ：THE LITERATURE OF INDIA555

Ⅰ．THE LANGUAGES OF INDIA555

Ⅱ．EDUCATION556

Ⅲ．THE EPICS561

Ⅳ．DRAMA571

Ⅴ．PROSE AND POETRY577

Chapter ⅩⅪ：INDIAN ART584

Ⅰ．THE MINOR ARTS584

Ⅱ．MUSIC586

Ⅲ．PAINTING589

Ⅳ．SCULPTURE593

Ⅴ．ARCHITECTURE596

Chapter ⅩⅫ：A CHRISTIAN EPILOGUE613

Ⅰ．THE JOLLY BUCCANEERS613

Ⅱ．LATTER-DAY SAINTS615

Ⅲ．TAGORE618

Ⅳ．EAST IS WEST622

Ⅴ．THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT625

Ⅵ．MAHATMA GANDHI626

Ⅶ．FAREWELL TO INDIA633

BOOK THREETHE FAR EAST635

A．CHINA635

Chronology of Chinese Civilization636

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ：THE AGE OF THE PHILOSOPHERS639

Ⅰ．THE BEGINNINGS639

Ⅱ．CONFUCIUS658

Ⅲ．SOCIALISTS AND ANARCHISTS677

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ：THE AGE OF THE POETS694

Ⅰ．CHINA＇S BISMARCK694

Ⅱ．EXPERIMENTS IN SOCIALISM698

Ⅲ．THE GLORY OF T＇ANG701

Ⅳ．THE BANISHED ANGEL705

Ⅴ．SOME QUALITIES OF CHINESE POETRY711

Ⅵ．TU FU713

Ⅶ．PROSE717

Ⅷ．THE STAGE721

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ：THE AGE OF THE ARTISTS724

Ⅰ．THE SUNG RENAISSANCE724

Ⅱ．BRONZES，LACQUER AND JADE735

Ⅲ．PAGODAS AND PALACES740

Ⅳ．PAINTING745

Ⅴ．PORCELAIN754

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ：THE PEOPLE AND THE STATE760

Ⅰ．HISTORICAL INTERLUDE760

Ⅱ．THE PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGUAGE769

Ⅲ．THE PRACTICAL LIFE774

Ⅳ．RELIGION WITHOUT A CHURCH783

Ⅴ．THE RULE OF MORALS788

Ⅵ．A GOVERNMENT PRAISED BY VOLTAIRE795

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ：REVOLUTION AND RENEWAL803

Ⅰ．THE WHITE PERIL803

Ⅱ．THE DEATH OF A CIVILIZATION808

Ⅲ．BEGINNINGS OF A NEW ORDER814

B．JAPAN825

Chronology of Japanese Civilization826

Chapter ⅩⅩⅧ：THE MAKERS OF JAPAN829

Ⅰ．THE CHILDREN OF THE GODS829

Ⅱ．PRIMITIVE JAPAN831

Ⅲ．THE IMPERIAL AGE834

Ⅳ．THE DICTATORS836

Ⅴ．GREAT MONKEY-FACE838

Ⅵ．THE GREAT SHOGUN841

Chapter ⅩⅩⅨ：THE POLITICAL AND MORAL FOUNDATIONS845

Ⅰ．THE SAMURAI845

Ⅱ．THE LAW850

Ⅲ．THE TOILERS851

Ⅳ．THE PEOPLE854

Ⅴ．THE FAMILY860

Ⅵ．THE SAINTS863

Ⅶ．THE THINKERS866

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩ：THE MIND AND ART OF OLD JAPAN876

Ⅰ．LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION876

Ⅱ．POETRY878

Ⅲ．PROSE881

Ⅳ．THE DRAMA889

Ⅴ．THE ART OF LITTLE THINGS891

Ⅵ．ARCHITECTURE894

Ⅶ．METALS AND STATUES896

Ⅷ．POTTERY899

Ⅸ．PAINTING901

Ⅹ．PRINTS907

Ⅺ．JAPANESE ART AND CIVILIZATION910

Chapter ⅩⅩⅪ：THE NEW JAPAN914

Ⅰ．THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION914

Ⅱ．THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION919

Ⅲ．THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION922

Ⅳ．THE NEW EMPIRE927

Envoi：Our Oriental Heritage934

Glossary of Foreign Terms939

Bibliography of Books Referred to in the Text945

Notes956

Pronouncing and Biographical Index1001