《Allergy In Pediatric Practice》

Chapter 1INTRODUCTION15

Historical Background15

The Concept of Allergy16

Allergy as an Antigen-Antibody Reaction19

Terminology20

Chapter 2IMMUNOLOGY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES23

Anaphylaxis23

Atopic Sensitization27

Contact Dermatitis28

Delayed Bacterial Hypersensitivity29

Classification of Allergic Reactions30

Chapter 3NONIMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS AFFECTING ALLERGIC REACTIONS32

Chemical Factors32

Hormones33

The Autonomic Nervous System35

Effect of Physiologic Activity of the Shock Organ37

Effect of Nonspecific Irritants on the Shock Organ37

Influence of Emotionah Factors37

Chapter 4DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGY41

Antihistamine Drugs41

Preparations44

Adrenergic Drugs45

Epinephrine45

Ephedrine46

Isopropylarterenol47

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride(Neo-Synephrine)and Naphazoline Hydrochloride(Privine)47

Cortisone and Related Compounds48

Chapter 5ANAPHYLAXIS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE51

Etiology51

Anaphylactic Shock52

Physiology52

Symptoms52

Diagnosis53

Treatment53

Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings and Bites53

Etiology54

Symptoms54

Treatment54

Prognosis55

Biting Insects55

Sensitization to Parasitic Worms56

Etiology56

Diagnostic Skin and Serologic Tests56

Allergic Manifestations56

Loeffler＇s Syndrome57

Etiology57

Symptoms58

Diagnosis60

Treatment60

Chapter 6SERUM SICKNESS AND SERUM REACTIONS61

Serum Sickness61

Etiology61

Immunologic Mechanism62

Symptoms62

Pathology64

Diagnosis64

Treatment64

Prognosis65

Immediate Reactions to Heterologous Serum65

Immunology65

Diagnosis of Serum Sensitization66

Administration of Antiserum to Sensitive Children66

Symptoms and Treatment of Immediate Shock Reactions68

Accelerated Serum Reactions68

Symptoms69

Prevention and Treatment69

Arthus Reactions to Antisera69

Clinical Features69

Prevention and Treatment70

Use of Toxoids70

Chapter 7THE ATOPIC DISEASES72

Clinical Association of Diseases of the Group72

Heredity73

Effect of Exposure to Allergens75

Natural History of Atopic Disease77

The Immediate Urticarial Skin Reaction78

Skin-Sensitizing Antibodies80

Immunologic Effects of Injections of Antigen81

Physiology of Atopic Reactions83

The Constitutional Reaction84

Etiology85

Symptoms85

Treatment86

Chapter 8ALLERGENS CAUSING ATOPIC DISEASES88

Inhalant Allergens88

Pollen Allergens95

Food Allergens101

Antigenic Solutions for Testing and Treatment107

Chapter 9DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIFIC CAUSATIVE ALLERGENS111

Clinical History112

Skin Tests114

The Scratch Test116

The Intracutaneous Test117

Nonallergic Factors Affecting Skin Tests119

Intracutaneous Tests With Bacterial Antigens119

Passive Transfer Tests120

Significance of Skin Tests124

Mucosa Tests126

Correlation of Skin Reactions and History127

Dietary Trials129

Environmental Tests130

General Principles131

Chapter 10INJECTION TREATMENT133

General Principles133

Indication for Injection Treatment134

Results134

Technique and Necessary Precautions135

Dosage135

Maintenance Treatment138

Constitutional Reactions139

Mixture of Antigens141

Desensitization With Food Antigens143

Injection Treatment With Bacterial Antigens143

Chapter 11ALLERGIC RHINITIS146

Terminology146

Incidence146

Etiology147

Pathology and Physiology147

Symptoms and Diagnosis148

Treatment154

Prognosis and Complications157

Relation of Allergic Rhinitis to Upper Respiratory Infection158

Chapter 12BRONCHIAL ASTHMA161

Pathology161

Physiology162

Symptoms165

Differential Diagnosis166

Etiologic Diagnosis168

Symptomatic Treatment173

Useful Drugs173

Home Treatment176

Treatment Administered by Physician177

Hospital Treatment177

Specific Treatment178

Treatment of Infection180

Emotional Factors182

General Measures183

Prognosis and Complications186

Chapter 13ATOPIC DERMATITIS-INFANTILE ECZEMA190

Etiology190

Symptoms and Pathology194

Differential Diagnosis196

Etiologic Diagnosis197

Specific Treatment201

Symptomatic Treatment203

Prognosis and Complications206

Chapter 14URTICARIA AND ANGIOEDEMA208

Urticaria208

Etiology208

Physiology and Pathology210

Symptoms210

Diagnosis211

Treatment212

Prognosis213

Angioedema(Giant Urticaria)214

Symptoms214

Diagnosis214

Treatment214

Chapter 15GASTROINTESTINAL ALLERGY215

Etiology215

Physiology215

Symptoms216

Diagnosis217

Treatment218

Chapter 16ALLERGY OF THE EYE219

Allergic Conjunctivitis219

Atopic Conjunctivitis219

Dermato-conjunctivitis220

Conjunctivitis Due to Bacterial Allergy220

Vernal Conjunctivitis221

Etiology221

Symptoms221

Etiologic Diagnosis222

Treatment222

Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis223

Other Allergic Diseases of the Eye223

Uveitis223

Sympathetic Ophthalmia224

Endophthalmitis Phacoanaphylactica224

Cataract Associated With Atopic Dermatitis224

Chapter 17ALLERGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM225

Headache-Migraine226

Epilepsy228

Behavior Disorders229

Chapter 18CONTACT DERMATITIS231

Terminology231

Etiology232

Immunology and Pathology234

Diagnosis235

Prophylaxis and Treatment237

Prognosis and Complications240

Chapter 19DELAYED ALLERGY TO INFECTIVE AGENTS242

Types of Allergic Reactions to Infection242

Organisms Inducing Delayed Allergy243

Nature of the Delayed Reactions244

Effect of Bacterial Allergy on Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases244

Relation of Bacterial Allergy to Immunity244

Desensitization245

Diagnostic Skin Tests Dependent on Delayed Allergy245

Chapter 20ALLERGIC PURPURA248

Nature of Purpura248

Types of Purpura249

Anaphylactoid Purpura249

Etiology249

Symptoms250

Diagnosis250

Treatment251

Prognosis251

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura251

Purpura Due to Drugs252

Chapter 21DRUG ALLERGY253

Special Features of Drug Allergy253

Urticaria and Angioedema254

Reactions Resembling Serum Sickness255

Anaphylactic Reactions255

General Atopic Reactions256

Drug Fever256

Drug Rashes257

Hepatitis258

Blood Dyscrasias259

Specificity and Duration of Drug Allergy260

Desensitization260

Suppression of Drug Allergy by Other Medications260

Chapter 22PHYSICAL ALLERGY262

Cold Urticaria264

Heat Urticaria265

Allergy to Light266

Urticaria Due to Mechanical Irritation266

Chapter 23ALLERGY IN RELATION TO COLLAGEN DISEASES268

Rheumatic Fever269

Etiologic Factors269

Clinical Evidence of an Allergic Factor270

Pathologic Evidence270

Rheumatoid Arthritis271

Periarteritis Nodosa271

Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus272

Scleroderma and Dermatomyositis273

Chapter 24GENERAL PEDIATRIC CARE OF THE ALLERGIC CHILD274

Characteristics of the Allergic Child274

General Principles274

Diet275

Diet of Mother During Pregnancy277

Furnishings277

Pets278

Exercise278

Respiratory Infections279

Emotional Problems279

Immunizations279

APPENDIX281

Measures for the Control of House Dust281

Lists of Allergen Extracts for Testing283

Inhalants283

Molds284

Foods284

Miscellaneous285

Pollens285

Other Methods of Standardization285

Group Antigens285

Dilution of Extracts286

Preparation of Dust Extract286

Sterilization by Filtration287

Sterility Tests288