《CONCRETE MANUAL A MANUAL FOR THE CONTROL OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SIXTH EDITION》求取 ⇩

CHAPTER Ⅰ—CONCRETE AND CONCRETE MATERIALS1

A．INTRODUCTION1

1．Concrete defined1

2．Progress in concrete1

3．Making good concrete2

B．IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE3

4．General comments3

5．Workability7

6．Durability7

（a） Weathering resistance7

（b） Resistance to chemical deterioration8

（c） Resistance to erosion12

7．Watertightness14

8．Volume change15

9．Strength18

10．Elasticity22

11．Creep and extensibility24

（a） Creep25

（b） Extensibility28

12．Thermal properties29

13．Weight30

C．EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE30

14．Entrained air content， cement content， and watercontent30

（a） Effects on workability31

（b） Effects on durability31

（c） Effects on permeability33

（d） Effects on volume change33

（e） Effects on strength35

（f） Effects on elasticity37

（g） Effects on creep and extensibility37

（h） Effects on thermal properties37

（i） Effects on unit weight37

15．Composition and fineness of portland cement38

（a） Compound composition of cement38

（b） Types of cement41

（c） Fineness of cement45

16．False set in cement47

17．Use of pozzolans47

18．Quality and gradation of aggregates49

（a） Contaminating substances50

（b） Soundness51

（c） Strength and resistance to abrasion52

（d） Volume change52

（e） Particle shape53

（f） Specific gravity53

（g） Gradation53

19．Quality of mixing and curing water63

20．Use of admixtures64

（a） Accelerators64

（b） Airentraining agents66

21．Field control67

22．Control of heat generation and cracking in concrete69

CHAPTERⅡ—INVESTIGATION AND SELECTION OF CONCRETE MATERIALS75

A．PROSPECTINGFOR AGGREGATE MATERIALS75

23．General comments75

24．Geological and related characteristics of aggregates and aggregate deposits75

（a） Types of deposits75

（b） Classification and characteristics of rocks77

（c） Chemical suitability of aggregates83

25．Prospecting85

26．Preliminary sampling of prospective aggregate sources and reporting of related information86

（a） Sand and gravel deposits87

（b） Prospective rock quarries88

B．EXPLORATION OF NATURAL AGGREGATE DEPOSITS89

27．General procedure89

28．Steelcased test holes89

29．Exploratory excavations92

（a） Test pits92

（b） Trenches100

30．Designation of deposits and of test holes and testpits101

31．Reports and samples required101

C．FACILITIES FOR MATERIALS TESTING ATDENVER103

32．Laboratory facilities103

D．DENVERTESTS AND SELECTION OF AGGREGATES103

33．Tests of aggregates103

34．Analysis of field and laboratory data106

35．Quantity of aggregate107

36．The selected aggregate112

E．PROSPECTING FOR POZZOLANIC MATERIALS113

37．Classification of pozzolans113

38．Geologic occurrences of pozzolan114

39．Samples and information required114

F．DENVER TESTS AND INVESTIGATION OF POZZOLANIC MATERIALS114

40．Tests and analyses of pozzolanic materials114

G．DENVERINVESTIGATIONS OF OTHER MATERIALS115

41．Cement investigations115

42．Investigations of admixtures and sealing com-pounds116

43．Sampling and analysis of water and soil116

CNAPTER Ⅲ—CONCRETE MIXES117

44．General comments117

45．Selection of proportions118

46．Estimate of water requirements118

47．Estimate of cement requirements120

48．Estimate of aggregate requirements123

49．Computations of proportions125

（a） Example 1125

（b） Example 2126

50．Batch weights for field use127

51．Adjustment of trial mix128

52．Concrete mix tests130

53．Mixes for small jobs132

CHAPTERⅣ—INSPECTION， FIELD LABORATORY FACILITIES， AND REPORTS135

A．INSPECTION135

54．Concrete control135

55．Administrative instructions135

56．The inspector135

57．The inspection supervisor135

58．Daily inspection reports136

B．FIELD LABORATORY FACILITIES136

59．The field laboratory136

60．Lists of laboratory equipment142

61．Facilities for curing concrete test specimens145

（a） Water tanks145

（b） Storage in moist sand147

（c） Fogroons147

C．REPORTS AND EVALUATION OF TEST DATA149

62．Reports149

（a） Narrative portion150

（b） Summarized tabulations151

63．Evaluation of test data156

CHAPTER Ⅴ—CONCRETE MANUFACTURING A MATERIALS163

64．Aggregateproduction and control163

65．Sand production163

66．Wet processing of sand166

（a） Spiral classifiers166

（b） Reciprocating rake classifiers168

（c） Hydraulic classifiers169

（d） Hydraulic sizers170

（e） Wet process screens171

（f） Washer and dewaterer173

67．Dry processing of sand173

68．Production and handling of coarse aggregate174

69．Screen analyses180

70．Deleterious substances in aggregate182

71．Control of surface moisture in aggregate183

72．Specific gravity184

73．Miscellaneous tests of aggregate184

74．Aggregate purchased184

75．Cement184

76．Water187

77．Admixtures187

B．BATCHING AND CONTROL FACILITIES FOR LARGE CONCRETE JOBS188

78．Weight vs．volume batching188

79．Batching equipment188

80．Checking scales193

81．Graphic recorders194

C．BATCHING METHODS AND FACILITIES FOR THE AVERAGE JOB199

82．Central batching by weight199

83．Weighing equipment203

84．Batching of liquids207

D．MIXING212

85．General212

86．Truck mixers and agitators214

E．QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE217

87．General217

88．Consistency219

89．Slump222

90．Compressive strength223

91．Air content and unit weight224

F．HOT AND COLD WEATHER PRECAUTIONS IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION225

92．Hot weather precautions225

93．Cold weather precautions226

CHAPTER Ⅵ—HANDLING， PLACING， FINISHING， AND CURING231

A．PREPARATIONS FOR PLACING231

94．Foundations231

（a） Rock231

（b） Earth231

（c） Porous underdrains231

95．Construction joints232

96．Forms240

97．Marking dates on concrete work246

98．Reinforcement steel and embedded parts246

99．Final inspection249

100．Contractor's preparations249

B．TRANSPORTING250

101．Plant layout and methods250

102．Transporting250

（a） Buckets250

（b） Cars and trucks253

（c） Chutes253

（d） Belt conveyors255

（e） Pneumatic methods255

（f） Pumping256

C．PLACING259

103．The mortar layer259

104．General discussion of concrete placement259

105．Mass concrete268

106．Tunnel lining272

（a） Preparation for lining272

（b） Control of seeping or dripping water273

（c） Concrete for tunnel lining273

（d） Placing concrete in tunnel lining274

107．Monolithic siphons277

108．Canal lining280

（a） The concrete mix280

（b） Reinforcement281

（c） Placing the lining282

（d） Contraction joints291

109．Precast concrete pipe294

（a） General294

（b） Cast pipe295

（c） Centrifugally spun pipe297

（d） Tamped and packerhead pipe298

110．Vibrators301

111．Surface imperfections303

112．Bond with reinforcement and embedded parts305

113．Waste concrete305

114．Shutting down concreting operations306

115．Placing concrete in water306

D．REMOVAL OF FORMS， AND FINISHING307

116．Removal of forms307

117．Repair of concrete308

118．Types and treatments of formed surfaces309

（a） Finish F1310

（b） Finish F2310

（c） Finish F3310

（d） Finish F4311

（e） Finish F5311

（f） Special stoned finishes311

（g） Sackrubbed finish312

（h） Sandblast finish312

（i） Vacuumprocessed finish313

（j） Removing stains from formed surfaces313

119．Finishing unformed surfaces313

（a） Finish U1314

（b） Finish U2314

（c） Finish U3315

（d） Finish U4315

（e） Preventing hair cracks315

120．Painting and dampproofing of concrete316

（a） Painting316

（b） Dampproofing316

E．CURING316

121．Moist curing316

122．Curing with sealing compounds318

123．Steam curing321

F．CONCRETING UNDER SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS322

124．Precautions to be observed during hot weather322

125．Precautions to be observed during cold weather324

CHAPTER Ⅶ—REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF CONCRETE333

126．General requirements for workmanship333

127．Methods of repair334

（a） Repair of new work334

（b） Repair of old work334

128．Preparation of concrete for repair335

（a） Dry pack339

（b） Concrete replacement339

（c） Mortar replacement340

129．Use of drypack mortar340

130．Procedure for replacement of formed concrete342

131．Procedure for replacement of unformed concrete346

132．Procedure for mortar replacement346

133．Repairs undel seepage conditions349

134．Curing of repairs349

135．Treatment for protection of concrete against weath-ering349

（a） General discussion349

（b） Preparation of surfaces350

（c） Treatment of surfaces350

136．Procedure for repair of transverse cracks in con-cretesiphons351

137．Procedure for repair of precast concrete pipe353

（a） General353

（b） Methods of repair354

（c） Preparation of imperfections for repair355

（d） Handplaced mortar replacement356

（e） Pneumatically applied mortar replacement356

（f） Concrete replacement357

（g） Curing of repairs357

（h） Testing repaired pipe358

CHAPTER Ⅷ—SPECIAL TYPES OF CONCRETE ANDMORTAR359

A．LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE359

138．Definition and uses359

139．Types of lightweight aggregate359

（a）Cinders359

（b） Expanded slag360

（c） Expanded shale and clay360

（d） Natural aggregate360

140．Properties of lightweight aggregates361

141．Construction control of lightweight concrete362

B．NAILING CONCRETE363

142．Definition， use， and types363

143．Sawdust concrete363

144．Types and grading of sawdust363

C．PREPACKED CONCRETE364

145．Definition and use364

146．Properties of prepacked concrete364

147．Mortar materials and consistency365

148．Coarse aggregate365

149．Construction procedures366

D．PRESTRESSED CONCRETE366

150．Definition and use366

E．VACUUMPROCESSED CONCRETE367

151．Definition， characteristics， and uses367

152．Vacuum forms and panels369

153．Processing procedure370

F．CONCRETE FLOOR FINISH371

154．Requirements for a satisfactory finish371

155．Aggregate373

156．Proportioning and mixing373

157．Preparation of the base374

158．Screeds375

159．Depositing， compacting， and screeding375

160．Finishing376

（a） Floating376

（b） Troweling376

（c） Grinding377

161．Protection and curing377

162．Liquid hardener treatments378

163．Nonslip finish378

164．Colored finish378

165．Terrazzo finish380

G．PNEUMATICALLY APPLIED MORTAR380

166．Definition and use380

167．Preparation of surfaces to be treated381

168．Sand381

169．Rebound381

170．The optimum mix382

171．Mixing382

172．Equipment382

173．Placing and curing383

H．GROUTING MORTAR386

174．Uses and essential properties386

175．Types of nonsettling mortars387

（a） Prolonged or delayed mixing387

（b） Addition of aluminum powder388

（c） Use of special cement388

APPENDIX391

1Sampling aggregate and preparing aggregate sam ples for test391

2 Sampling concrete393

3 Sampling soil and water for chemical analyses401

4 Screen analysis of sand402

5 Screen analysis of coarse aggregate405

6 Screen analysis of combined sand and coarse aggre-gate （computed）405

7 Petrographic examination of aggregates405

8 False set in cement409

9 Specific gravity and absorption of sand411

10 Specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate414

11 Surface moisture of aggregate （also specific gravity and absorption）415

12 Unit weight of aggregate for concrete419

13 Clay lumps in aggregate421

14 Organic impurities in sand422

15 Sedimentation test for approximate quantity of clay and silt in sand423

16 Percentage of aggregate passing No200 screen424

17 Percentage of lightweight material in sand425

18 Percentage of lightweight material in coarse aggre gate427

19 Soundness of aggregate （sodiumsulfate method）428

20 Mortarmaking properties of fine aggregate432

21 Abrasion of coarse aggregate by use of the Los Angeles machine434

22 Slump436

23 Unit weight and volume of fresh concrete; and cement， water， air， and aggregate contents of fresh concrete438

24 Air content of fresh concrete by pressure methods442

25 Method of test for bleeding of concrete445

26 Variability of constituents in concrete （a test of mixer performance）447

27 Batching for machinemixed laboratory concrete451

28 Laboratory concrete mixing453

29 Casting cylinders in castiron molds454

30 Casting cylinders in cans456

31 Fieldlaboratory curing， packing， and shipping of test cylinders457

32 Capping concrete cylinders458

33 Compressive strength460

34 Turbidity with Jackson turbidimeter462

35 Temperature of concrete464

36 Sampling airentraining agents465

37 Testingmachine maintenance465

38 Sampling sealing compounds for curing concrete471

39 Sampling mastic joint filler473

40 Cement reference samples473