《SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION》

STRUCTURE AND PROPAGATION OF LAMINAR FLAMES1

1.The Present Status of the Theory of Laminar Flame Propagation.Theodore Von Karman1

2.Ends and Means in Flame Theory.D.B.Spalding12

3.Limits of Inflammability.J.W.Linnett and C.J.S.M.Simpson20

4.The Effect of Fuel Type and Pressure on Flame Quenching.A.E.Potter, Jr.and A.L.Berlad27

5.A Principle of Mixing Similarity and Its Application to Inhomogeneous Combustion.William G.Browne and Hugh N.Powell37

6.Chain Branching and Flame Propagation.A.Van Tiggelen and J.Deckers61

7.Correlations of Burning Velocity, Quenehing Distances, and Minimum Ignition Energies for Hydrocarbon-Oxygen-Nitrogen Systems.Richard S.Brokaw and Melvin Gerstein66

8.The Influence of Pressure on Flame Speed.Mitchell Gilbert74

9.The Effect of Pressure on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Methane-Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixtures.Donald Smith and John T.Agnew83

10.Influence of Physical and Chemical Factors on Burning Velocity.E.S.Golovina and G.G.Fyodorov88

11.The Structure of Laminar Flames.Robert M.Fristrom96

12.Flame Attachment Zone of Laminar, Premixed Methane-Air Flames.Arthur L.Thomas and Richard H.Wilhelm111

13.Mass Spectrometer Studies of Fuel Concentration in the Dark Space of Laminar Bunsen Flames.John F.Byrne120

14.Flame Propagation in Cylindrical Tubes Near the Quenching Limit.J.M.Singer and G.von Elbe127

15.Cool Flames of Pentane-Oxygen Mixtures.Michel Lucquin and Paul Laffitte130

16.The Dependence of Flame Temperature on Mass Burning Velocity.W.E.Kaskan134

17.Spectroscopic Study of Some Alcohol Flames: Flame Temperatures and Their Influence on the Intensity Changes in Various Bands.N.R.Tawde and B.B.Laud143

18.Burning Velocities of Mixtures of Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen and Water.C.J.S.M.Simpson and J.W.Linnett149

19.Ignition Limits and Products of the Multistage Flames of Propane-Nitrogen Dioxide Mix-tures.Albert L.Myerson, Francis R.Taylor and Barbara G.Faunce154

20.Burning Structure and Stability of n-Butane-Nitrogen Dioxide Flames in Air.E.Miller and H.J.Setzer164

21.Spectroscopic Investigation of n-Butane-NO2 Flames.W.W.Wharton, T.D.Violett and E.Miller173

22.The Methyl Nitrite Decomposition Flame.E.A.Arden and J.Powling177

23.Reduction of Nitric Oxide in Flames and the Decomposition Flame of Methyl Nitrite.Peter Gray and M.W.T.Pr183

24.Multiple Reaction Zones in Low Pressure Flames with Ethyl and Methyl Nitrate, Methyl Nitrite and Nitromethane A.R.Hall and H.G.Wolfhard190

25.Flame Properties and the Kinetics of Chain-Branching Reactions J.Calvin Giddings and J.O.Hirschfelder199

26.Theoretical Study of the Hydrogen-Bromine Flame Edwin S.Campbell213

27.The Chemical Steady State in HBr Flames Mitchell Gilbert and David Altman222

28.Stability of the Ozone Flame Propagation J.B.Rosen236

29.Carbon Formation in Quenched Flat Flames at 1600°K C.P.Fenimore, G.W.Jones and G.E.Moore242

30.Carbon Formation from Acetylene F.C.Stehling, J.D.Frazee and Robbin C.Anderson247

31.The Propagation and Stability of the Decomposition Flame of Hydrazine Peter Gray, J.C Lee and （in part） H.A.Leach and D.C.Taylor255

32.The Ozone to Oxygen Flame A.G.Streng and A.V.Grosse264

33.A Study of Hydrogen Diffusion Flames Edgar R.Stephens, William E.Scott, Joseph A.Golden and Barbara Faunce273

34.On the Burning Velocity of Moist Carbon Monoxide-Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixtures Karl Scheller280

35.Some Recent Experimental Results on the Flammability Regions of Various Gases and Combustible Vapors at Low Pressures Ralph Delbourgo and Paul Laffitte288

36.The Effect of Preheating on Flame Radiation and Flame Shape H.Guenebaut and A.G.Gaydon292

37.Effect of Initial Mixture Temperature on the Burning Velocity of Benzene-Air, n-Heptane-Air, and Isoectane-Air Mixtures Sheldon Heimel and Robert C.Weast296

STRUCTURE AND PROPAGATION OF TURBULENT FLAMES303

38.Turbulent Burning Velocities of Natural Gas-Air Flames with Pipe-Flow Turbulence J.Kenneth Richmond, Joseph M.Singer、E.B.Cook，James R.Oxendine Joseph Grumer and David S.Burgess303

39.Turbulent Diffusion Flames Masanaga Kunugi and Hiroshi Jinno311

40.Combustion of a Turbulent Jet in Burners with Preliminary Mixing V.N.Ievlev317

41.Growth Rates of Turbulent Free Flames William R.Mickelsen and Norman E.Ernstein325

42.On the Structure of Turbulent Flames K.Wohl and Collaborators333

43.Combustion in Turbulent Gas Streams H.Iida341

HIGH SPEED REACTIONS351

44.Heat Conductivity in Polyatomic, Electronically Excited, or Chemically Reacting.Ⅲ Joseph O.Hirschfelder351

45.Spectra of the Detonation of Oxygen with H2,CO and Hydrocarbons H.Gg.Wagner366

46.On the Specification of Transient Nonequilibrium Systems Kurt E. Shuler371

47.Calculation of Detonation Characteristics Tsutomu Hikita and Taro Kihara375

48.Study of Shock Waves from High Explosives Tsutomo Hikita, Tetsuro Asaba and Kuniaki Yoneda379

49.A Shock-Tube Study of Flame Front-Pressure Wave Interaction G.H.Markstein387

50.Combustion Studies in a Stirred Reactor H.C.Hottel, G.C.Williams and M.L.Baker398

51.A Discussion of the Relations Existing Between Limiting Energy Release Rates and Blow-out for Hydrocarbon Fuels Walter J.Wohlenberg411

FLAME STABILIZATION IN FAST STREAMS418

52.Ignition in the Laminar Wake of a Flat Plate S.I.Cheng and A.A.Kovitz418

53.Boundary Layer Effects on Stability Characteristics of Bluff-Body Flameholders. G.C.Williams,P.T.Woo and C.W.Shipman427

54.Some Effects of Fuel Reactivity and Heat Loss on Flame Stabilization Malcolm A.Weiss,James C.Rohrer and John P.Longwell439

55.The Influence of the Initial Temperature of a Combustible Mixture and of the Ambient Pressure on the Stabilization Limits L.N.Khitrin and S.A.Goldenberg448

56.Flame Stabilization in Volatile Fuel Sprays H.C.Hottel, C.P.Marion and W.P.Jersen451

57.Flame Stabilization in Gases Flowing Cyclonically: Flow Characteristics, Temperatures,and Gas Analyses Lyle F.Albright and Lloyd G.Alexander464

58.Flame Stabilization by Means of Annular Fluid Jets D.G.Shepherd472

59.A Contribution to the Study of Flame Stability in Ducts B.C.Dutta, D.G.Martin and N.P.W.Moore481

INSTABILITY IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS487

60.Influence of the Injector Pressure Drop on Low Frequency Instability in Liquid Propellant Rockets M.Barrere and J.J.Bernard487

61.Some Stability Tests on an Axially Symmetric Combustor A.A.Putnam and W.R.Dennis493

62.An Analysis of Unstable Combustion of Premixed Gases H.J.Merk500

63.The Growth of Disturbances in a Flame-Generated Shear Region Perry L.Blackshear,Jr512

IGNITION523

64.Spark Ignition of Flowing Gases Using Long-Duration Discharges Clyde C.Swett, Jr523

65.Ignition and Combustion in a Laminar Boundary Layer Over a Hot Surface Tau-Yi Toong532

66.The Flammability Characteristics of the System H2-NO-N2O-Air F.E.Scott, R.W.Van Dolah and M.G.Zabetakis540

67.Thermal Theory of Ignition of Gas Mixtures: Limiting Conditions L.N.Khitrin and S.A.Goldenberg545

68.Ignition of Flowing Gases by Heated Wires Seiichiro Kumagai and Itsuro Kimura554

COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS559

69.Report on Progress in Combustion of Solid Fuels A.A.Orning559

70.Fundamental Principles of Carbon Combustion and Factors Intensifying the Burning of Solid Fuels L.N.Khitrin565

71.Solving Problems of Heterogeneous Combustion by the Method of Averaging Equations O.A.Tsukhanova573

72.The Combustion of Solid Fuels in Fixed Beds Mutsuo Koizumi577

73.Studies on Combustion and Gasification of Pulverized Coal in a Model Cyclone Generator Sakae Yagi and Daizo Kunii584

74.Flame Propagation in Pulverized Coal-Air Mixtures Hisao Hattori590

75.Studies of Pulverized Coal Flames B.Ghosh, D.Basu and N.K.Roy595

76.Radiative Transfer in Dust Flames H.M.Cassel, I.Liebman and W.K.Mock602

COMBUSTION OF EXPLOSIVES AND SOLID PROPELLANTS606

77.Ignition of Explosives C.H.Johansson, A.Persson and H.L.Selberg606

78.The Combustion and Explosion of Crystals F.P.Bowden, B.L.Evans and A.D.Yoffe609

79.Deflagration of Ammonium Perchlorate Raymond Friedman, R.G.Nugent, K.E.Rumbel and A.C.Scurlock612

80.Transition-State Theory of the Linear Rate of Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate Robert D.Schultz and Albert O.Dekker618

81.Some Developments in the Theory of Thermal Explosions G.B.Cook626

82.Effect of the Charge Diameter on the Velocity of Detonation Waves in Gas Mixtures N.Manson and H.Guenoche631

83.Detonation in Media of Variable Density L.I.Sedov635

84.The Effect of Slight Confinement on the Detonation Waves in Solid Explosives L.Deffet and J.Boucart642

85.Post-Detonation Pressure and Thermal Studies of Solid High Explosives in a Closed Cham-ber William S.Filler648

86.The Detonability of Certain Rocket Propellants John R.Scholl, H.W.Byington and R.L.Potter657

87.A Mathematical Method to Predict the Effects of Erosive Burning in Solid-Propellant Rockets J.M.Lenoir and G.Robillard663

EVAPORATION AND COMBUSTION OF DROPLETS AND SPRAYS668

88.Combustion of Fuel Sprays Seiichiro Kumagai668

89.Application of the Onsager Theory to the Transfer Phenomenon in Evaporation and Com-bustion Processes A.V.Luikov675

90.Atomization, Acceleration, and Vaporization of Liquid Fuels Robert D.Ingebo684

91.Liquid Fuel Atomization R.P.Fraser687

92.Flame Propagation Through Air-Fuel Foams A.Thomas701

93.Dynamic Factors Affecting the Combustion of Liquid Spheres George A.Agoston, Henry Wise and Willis A.Rosser708

94.Combustion Rates of Freely Falling Fuel Drops in a Hot Atmosphere J.A.Bolt and M.A.Saad717

95.Combustion of Fuel Droplets in a Falling Chamber Seiichiro Kumagai and Hiroshi Isoda726

96.On the Combustion of a Liquid Fuel Spray C.C.Miesee732

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN COMBUSTION739

97.Pyrometry of High Velocity Gases I.Warshawsky739

98.Photopyrometric Determination of the Temperature of a Burning, Moving Particle V.A.Popov751

99.Thermoelectric Probes for Measuring High Temperatures in Gas Streams: Their Applica-tion to the Study of Flames Stabilized by Obstacles G.Matton and C.Foure757

100.A Self-Calibrating High Speed Photographic Pyrometer J.Tyroler763

101.Application of Optical Methods to Combustion Research F.J.Weinberg765

102.Ionization Studies of Flames Stabilized in Rapid Flow G.Matton770

103.A Detector for Combustible Hydrocarbons in Air Harold M.Brewster774

104.A Micrographic Device for the Study of Rapidly Moving Mists and Its Application to Re-search on Carburization in Internal Combustion Engines Willy Diamant776

105.An Apparatus for Studying the Burning of Dust Clouds Lloyd E.Line, Jr.， Wendall J.Clark and James C.Rahman779

APPLICATIONS OF COMBUSTION787

106.The Suppression of Methane/Air Ignitions by Fine Powders J.E.Dolan787

107.Fire Extinguishment by Means of Dry Powder C.S.McCamy, H.Shoub and T.G.Lee795

108.The Effect of Certain Halogenated Methanes on Pre-mixed and Diffusion Flames F.H.Garner, R.Long, A.J.Graham and A.Badakhshan802

109.Effects of Halogenated Extinguishing Agents on Flame Quenching and a Chemical Inter-pretation of Their Action Frank E.Belles and Cleveland O’Neal, Jr806

110.The Rocket Motor as a Chemical Reactor （Illustrated by Nitrogen Fixation） I.J.Weisen-berg and P.F.Winternitz813

111.Chemical Reactions in Adiabatic Compression V.N.Kondratiev, A.M.Markevitch, Yu.N.Ryabinin and I.I.Tamm821

112.The Effect of Pipe Diameter on the Thermal Decomposition of Acetylenes Herbert H.Nel-son823

113.The Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Via Combustion: Conditions for the Synthesis and Isolation in High Yield from the Combustion of Aliphatic Alcohols C.F.Cullis and E.J.Newitt827

114.Techniques for the Study of Air Flow and Fuel Droplet Distribution in Combustion Sys-tems B.V.Poulston and E.F.Winter833

115.Experimental Investigation of Rapid Combustion of Low Grade Gaseous Fuel Teikichi Otsuka and Hisao Hattori843

116.Similitude Study of Idealized Combustors E.C.Woodward849

117.Some Applications of Combustion Theory to Gas Turbine Development V.W.Greenhough and A.H.Lefebvre858

118.Correlation of Turbine-Engine Combustion Efficiency with Theoretical Equations J.How-ard Childs and Charles C.Graves869

119.A Detonation Wave Theory of Gasoline Engine Knock J.C.Firey878

120.Flame Quenching at the Walls of an Internal Combustion Engine W.A.Daniel886

121.Comparison of Emission Spectra of Low Temperature Combustion Reactions Produced in an Engine and in a Flat-Flame Burner J.T.Agnew, W.G.Agnew and K.Wark, Jr894

122.Studies of the Spontaneous Ignition Tendencies of Sulfur-Containing Organic Compounds with White Fuming Nitric Acid by the Drop-Test Method Murray P.Strier and Louis R.Rapp902

123.The Behavior of the System Triethylamine—White Fuming Nitric Acid under Conditions of Rapid Mixing Rose L.Schalla and Edward A.Fletcher911

124.Some Fluid Dynamic Aspects of Laminar Diffusion Flames H.N.Powell and W.G.Browne918

125. Physical Methods for Improving Combustion Yukichi Asakawa923

PANEL DISCUSSIONS930

1.Future Problems in Combustion Research Panel Members: Walter T.Olson, Chairman,Louis Deffet, Carl Hugo Johansson, Tsutomu Hikita, V.N.Kondratiev H.Gg.Wagner,Guenther von Elbe, J.S.Clarke930

2.High Speed Reactions Panel Members: Arthur Kantrowitz, Chairman, James A.Fay,David Garvin, J.O.Hirschfelder, Paul Kydd, A.A.Westenberg937

3.Flame Stabilization in Fast Streams Panel Members: E.D.Brown, Chairman, M.Barrere,Bela Karlovitz, J.P.Longwell, G.C.Williams, E.E.Zukoski941