《ELECTRIC MACHINERY》

1 Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials1

2 Transformers57

3 Electromechanical-Energy-Conversion Principles112

4 Introduction to Rotating Machines173

5 Synchronous Machines245

6 Polyphase Induction Machines306

7 DC Machines357

8 Variable-Reluctance Machines and Stepping Motors407

9 Single- and Two-Phase Motors452

10 Introduction to Power Electronics493

11 Speed and Torque Control559

Appendix A Three-Phase Circuits628

Appendix B Voltages, Magnetic Fields, and Inductances of Distributed AC Windings644

Appendix C The dq0 Transformation657

Appendix D Engineering Aspects of Practical Electric Machine Performance and Operation668

Appendix E Table of Constants and Conversion Factors for SI Units680

Index681

Chapter 1Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials1

1.1 Introduction to Magnetic Circuits2

1.2 Flux Linkage, Inductance, and Energy11

1.3 Properties of Magnetic Materials19

1.4 AC Excitation23

1.5 Permanent Magnets30

1.6 Application of Permanent Magnet Materials35

1.7 Summary42

1.8 Problems43

Chapter 2Transformers57

2.1 Introduction to Transformers57

2.2 No-Load Conditions60

2.3 Effect of Secondary Current; Ideal Transformer64

2.4 Transformer Reactances and Equivalent Circuits68

2.5 Engineering Aspects of Transformer Analysis73

2.6 Autotransformers; Multiwinding Transformers81

2.7 Transformers in Three-Phase Circuits85

2.8 Voltage and Current Transformers90

2.9 The Per-Unit System95

2.10 Summary103

2.11 Problems104

Chapter 3Electromechanical-Energy-Conversion Principles112

3.1 Forces and Torques in Magnetic Field Systems113

3.2 Energy Balance117

3.3 Energy in Singly-Excited Magnetic Field Systems119

3.4 Determination of Magnetic Force and Torque om Energy123

3.5 Determination of Magnetic Force and Torque from Coenergy129

3.6 Multiply-Excited Magnetic Field Systems136

3.7 Forces and Torques in Systems with Permanent Magnets142

3.8 Dynamic Equations151

3.9 Analytical Techniques155

3.10 Summary158

3.11 Problems159

Chapter 4Introduction to Rotating Machines173

4.1 Elementary Concepts173

4.2 Introduction to AC and DC Machines176

4.3 MMF of Distributed Windings187

4.4 Magnetic Fields in Rotating Machinery197

4.5 Rotating MMF Waves in AC Machines201

4.6 Generated Voltage208

4.7 Torque in Nonsalient-Pole Machines214

4.8 Linear Machines227

4.9 Magnetic Saturation230

4.10 Leakage Fluxes233

4.11 Summary235

4.12 Problems237

Chapter 5Synchronous Machines245

5.1 Introduction to Polyphase Synchronous Machines245

5.2 Synchronous-Machine Inductances;Equivalent Circuits248

5.3 Open- and Short-Circuit Characteristics256

5.4 Steady-State Power-Angle Characteristics266

5.5 Steady-State Operating Characteristics275

5.6 Effects of Salient Poles; Introduction to Direct- and Quadrature-Axis Theory281

5.7 Power-Angle Characteristics of Salient-Pole Machines289

5.8 Permanent-Magnet AC Motors293

5.9 Summary295

5.10 Problems297

Chapter 6Poiyphase Induction Machines306

6.1 Introduction to Polyphase Induction Machines306

6.2 Currents andFluxes in Polyphase Induction Machines311

6.3 Induction-Motor Equivalent Circuit313

6.4 Analysis of the Equivalent Circuit317

6.5 Torque and Power by Use of Thevenin's Theorem322

6.6 Parameter Determination from No-Load and Blocked-Rotor Tests330

6.7 Effects of Rotor Resistance; Wound and Double-Squirrel-Cage Rotors340

6.8 Summary347

6.9 Problems348

Chapter 7DC Machines357

7.1 Introduction357

7.2 Commutator Action364

7.3 Effect of Armature MMF367

7.4 Analytical Fundamentals: Electric-Circuit Aspects370

7.5 Analytical Fundamentals: Magnetic-Circuit Aspects374

7.6 Analysis of Steady-State Performance379

7.7 Permanent-Magnet DC Machines384

7.8 Commutation and Interpoles390

7.9 Compensating Windings393

7.10 Series Universal Motors395

7.11 Summary396

7.12 Problems397

Chater 8Variable-Reluctance Machines and Stepping Motors407

8.1 Basics of VRM Analysis408

8.2 Practical VRM Configurations415

8.3 Current Waveforms for Torque Production421

8.4 Nonlinear Analysis430

8.5 Stepping Motors437

8.6 Summary446

8.7 Problems448

Chapter 9Single- and Two-Phase Motors452

9.1 Single-Phase Induction Motors: Qualitative Examination452

9.2 Starting and Running Performance of Single-Phase Induction and Synchronous Motors455

9.3 Revolving-Field Theory of Single-Phase Induction Motors463

9.4 Two-Phase Induction Motors470

9.5 Summary488

9.6 Problems489

Chapter 10Introduction to Power Electronics493

10.1 Power Switches494

10.2 Rectification: Conversion of AC to DC507

10.3 Inversion: Conversion of DC to AC538

10.4 Summary550

10.5 Bibliography552

10.6 Problems552

Chapter 11Speed and Torque Control559

11.1 Control of DC Motors559

11.2 Control of Synchronous Motors578

11.3 Control of Induction Motors595

11.4 Control of Variable-Reluctance Motors613

11.5 Summary616

11.6 Bibliography618

11.7 Problems618

Appendix AThree-Phase Circuits628

A.1 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages628

A.2 Three-Phase Voltages, Currents, and Power631

A.3 Y-and △-Connected Circuits635

A.4 Analysis of Balanced Three-Phase Circuits;Single-Line Diagrams641

A.5 Other Polyphase Systems643

Appendix BVoltages, Magnetic Fields, and Inductances of Distributed AC Windings644

B.1 Generated Voltages644

B.2 Armature MMF Waves650

B.3 Air-Gap Inductances of Distributed Windings653

Appendix CThe dqO Transformation657

C.1 Transformation to Direct- and Quadrature-Axis Variables657

C.2 Basic Synchronous-Machine Relations in dq0 Variables660

C.3 Basic Induction-Machine Relations in dq0 Variables664

Appendix DEngineering Aspects of Practical Electric Machine Performance and Operation668

D.1 Losses668

D.2 Rating and Heating670

D.3 Cooling Means for Electric Machines674

D.4 Excitation676

D.5 Energy Efficiency of Electric Machinery678

Appendix ETable of Constants and Conversion Factors for SI Units680

Index681