《Legal Philosophies》

1What is jurisprudence about?1

2Natural law6

3The command theory of law24

1 Law as commands26

2 The sovereign31

4Utilitarianism and the economic analysis of law36

1 Utilitarianism36

2 The economic analysis of law42

5Punishment49

6Kelsen's pure theory of law59

1 Why'pare'?60

2 Sanctions63

3 The basic norm67

7Legal concepts76

1 Hohfeld's analysis76

2 Analysis in general87

8Legal realism93

1 American legal realism93

2 Scandinavian legal realism98

9Hart's concept of law105

1 Legal rules as social rules105

2 The union of primary and secondary rules109

10Freedom and the enforcement of morals115

11The morality of law and the rule of law128

12Statutory interpretation140

1 English canons of statutory interpretation141

2 The status of the canons of statutory interpretation146

3 Should English canons of statutory interpretation be reformed?150

13Precedent156

1 The English rules of precedent156

2 The status of precedent rules163

3 Should our precedent rules be changed?168

14Dworkin's rights thesis172

1 Rules are not enough173

2 No line between law and morals177

3 Judges do not legislate185

15Legal reasoning193

16The duty to obey the law209

17The historical school and non-state law219

18Sociological jurisprudence232

1 Social interests234

2 The functions and limits of law237

3 The living law240

19Law, social theory and Marxist jurisprudence245

1 Law and social theory245

2 Marxist jurisprudence251

20Justice259

Index275