《OPTICS FOURTH EDITION》

1 A Brief History1

1.1 Prolegomenon1

1.2 In the Beginning1

1.3 From the Seventeenth Century2

1.4 The Nineteenth Century4

1.5 Twentieth-Century Optics7

2 Wave Motion10

2.1 One-Dimensional Waves10

2.2 Harmonic Waves14

2.3 Phase and Phase Velocity17

2.4 The Superposition Principle20

2.5 The Complex Representation21

2.6 Phasors and the Addition of Waves23

2.7 Plane Waves24

2.8 The Three-Dimensional Differential Wave Equation27

2.9 Spherical Waves28

2.10 Cylindrical Waves31

Problems32

3 Electromagnetic Theory， Photons，and Light36

3.1 Basic Laws of Electromagnetic Theory37

3.2 Electromagnetic Waves44

3.3 Energy and Momentum47

3.4 Radiation58

3.5 Light in Bulk Matter66

3.6 The Electromagnetic-Photon Spectrum73

3.7 Quantum Field Theory80

Problems82

4 The Propagation of Light86

4.1 Introduction86

4.2 Rayleigh Scattering86

4.3 Reflection95

4.4 Refraction100

4.5 Fermat’s Principle106

4.6 The Electromagnetic Approach111

4.7 Total Internal Reflection122

4.8 Optical Properties of Metals127

4.9 Familiar Aspects of the Interaction of Light and Matter131

4.10 The Stokes Treatment of Reflection and Refraction136

4.11 Photons， Waves， and Probability137

Problems141

5 Geometrical Optics149

5.1 Introductory Remarks149

5.2 Lenses150

5.3 Stops171

5.4 Mirrors175

5.5 Prisms186

5.6 Fiberoptics193

5.7 Optical Systems201

5.8 Wavefront Shaping226

5.9 Gravitational Lensing231

Problems234

6 More on Geometrical Optics243

6.1 Thick Lenses and Lens Systems243

6.2 Analytical Ray Tracing246

6.3 Aberrations253

6.4 GRIN Systems273

6.5 Concluding Remarks276

Problems277

7 The Superposition of Waves281

7.1 The Addition of Waves of the Same Frequency282

7.2 The Addition of Waves of Different Frequency294

7.3 Anharmonic Periodic Waves302

7.4 Nonperiodic Waves308

Problems320

8 Polarization325

8.1 The Nature of Polarized Light325

8.2 Polarizers331

8.3 Dichroism333

8.4 Birefringence336

8.5 Scattering and Polarization344

8.6 Polarization by Reflection348

8.7 Retarders352

8.8 Circular Polarizers357

8.9 Polarization of Polychromatic Light358

8.10 Optical Activity360

8.11 Induced Optical Effects——Optical Modulators365

8.12 Liquid Crystals370

8.13 A Mathematical Description of Polarization372

Problems379

9 Interference385

9.1 General Considerations386

9.2 Conditions for Interference390

9.3 Wavefront-splitting Interferometers393

9.4 Amplitude-splitting Interferometers400

9.5 Types and Localization of Interference Fringes414

9.6 Multiple-Beam Interference416

9.7 Applications of Single and Multilayer Films425

9.8 Applications of Interferometry431

Problems438

10 Diffraction443

10.1 Preliminary Considerations443

10.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction452

10.3 Fresnel Diffraction485

10.4 Kirchhoff’s Scalar Diffraction Theory510

10.5 Boundary Diffraction Waves512

Problems514

11 Fourier Optics519

11.1 Introduction519

11.2 Fourier Transforms519

11.3 Optical Applications529

Problems556

12 Basics of Coherence Theory560

12.1 Introduction560

12.2 Visibility562

12.3 The Mutual Coherence Function and the Degree of Coherence566

12.4 Coherence and Stellar Interferometry573

Problems578

13 Modern Optics： Lasers and Other Topics581

13.1 Lasers and Laserlight581

13.2 Imagery —— The Spatial Distribution of Optical Information606

13.3 Holography623

13.4 Nonlinear Optics639

Problems644

Appendix1649

Appendix2652

Table1653

Solutions to Selected Problems658

Bibliography685

Index689