《ESSENTIAL CELL BIOLOGY SECOND EDITION》

Chapter 1 Introduction to Cells1

Panel 1-1 Light and electron microscopy8

Panel 1-2 Cells: the principal features of animal, plant, and bacterial cells25

How We Know Life's common mechanisms30

Chapter 2 Chemical Components of Cells39

How We Know What are macromolecules?60

Panel 2-1 Chemical bonds and groups66

Panel 2-2 The chemical properties of water68

Panel 2-3 An outline of some of the types of sugars70

Panel 2-4 Fatty acids and other lipids72

Panel 2-5 The 20 amino acids found in proteins74

Panel 2-6 A survey of the nucleotides76

Panel 2-7 The principal types of weak noncovalent bonds78

Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis83

Panel 3-1 Free energy and biological reactions96

How We Know Using kinetics to model and manipulate metabolic pathways103

Chapter 4 Protein Structure and Function119

Panel 4-1 A few examples of some general protein functions120

How We Know Probing protein structure129

Panel 4-2 Four different ways of depicting a small protein132

Panel 4-3 Cell breakage and initial fractionation of cell extracts160

Panel 4-4 Protein separation by chromatography162

Panel 4-5 Protein separation by electrophoresis163

Panel 4-6 Making and using antibodies164

Chapter 5 DNA and Chromosomes169

How We Know Genes are made of DNA172

Chapter 6 DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination195

How We Know Finding replication origins198

Chapter 7 From DNA to Protein: How Cells Read the Genome229

How We Know Cracking the genetic code246

Chapter 8 Control of Gene Expression267

How We Know Gene regulation--the story of eve282

Chapter 9 How Genes and Genomes Evolve293

How We Know Counting genes314

Chapter 10 Manipulating Genes and Cells323

How We Know Sequencing the human genome334

Chapter 11 Membrane Structure365

How We Know Measuring membrane flow384

Chapter 12 Membrane Transport389

How We Know Squid reveal secrets of membrane excitability414

Chapter 13 How Cells Obtain Energy from Food427

Panel 13-1 Details of the 10 steps of glycolysis432

How We Know Unraveling the citric acid cycle442

Panel 13-2 The complete citric acid cycle450

Chapter 14 Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts453

How We Know How chemiosmotic coupling drives ATP synthesis460

Panel 14-1 Redox potentials471

Chapter 15 Intracellular Compartments and Transport497

How We Know Tracking protein and vesicle transport520

Chapter 16 Cell Communication533

How We Know Untangling cell signaling pathways561

Chapter 17 Cytoskeieton573

How We Know Pursuing motor proteins586

Chapter 18 Cell-Cycle Control and Cell Death611

How We Know Discovery of cyclins and Cdks618

Chapter 19 Cell Division637

Panel 19-1 The principal stages of M phase in an animal cell642

How We Know Building the mitotic spindle646

Chapter 20 Genetics, Meiosis, and the Molecular Basis of Heredity659

How We Know Reading genetic linkage maps682

Panel 20-1 Some essentials of classical genetics685

Chapter 21 Tissues and Cancer697

Panel 21-1 The cell types and tissues from which higher plants are constructed700

How We Know Making sense of the genes that are critical for cancer734