《ASPHALTS AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES SIXTH EDITION-IN FIVE VOLUMES》

CHAPTER 1EXAMINATION OF MANUFACTURED BITUMINOUS PRODUCTS COMBINED WITH DISCRETE AGGREGATES1

PHYSICAL TESTS1

GROUP(1)-COMPOSITIONS TO BE APPLIED IN THE FIELD1

66．SPECIFIC GRAVITY1

67．VOIDS2

68．WATER RESISTANCE(PAVING COMPOSITIONS)4

Ⅰ:Amount Absorbed4

Ⅱ:Swelling in Cold Water4

(A)With Binder Used on Project6

(B)With Standardized Type of Binder6

Ⅲ:Effect of Water on Adhesion7

69．ACID RESISTANCE(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)9

70．SOIL-STRESS RESISTANCE(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)10

71．WORKABILITY(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)10

72．DISCOLORATION TENDENCY(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)11

73．SETTLING TENDENCY OF FILLERS11

74．HARDNESS12

75．COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(PAVING COMPOSITIONS)14

Ⅰ:Effect of Water on Compressive Strength18

76．EXTRUSION UNDER PRESSURE20

Ⅰ:For Paving Compositions20

(A)Resistance to Displacement20

(B)Triaxial Test26

(C)Plastic Flow(Marshall Test)30

(D)Colorimetric Test37

Ⅱ:For Soil Stabilized with Asphalt37

(A)Tar and Liquid Asphalt40

(B)Emulsified Asphalt41

77．FLEXURAL STRENGTH42

78．IMPACT RESISTANCE42

Ⅰ:For Paving Compositions42

Ⅱ:For Bituminous Enamels43

79．ADHESION OR BOND(JOINT FILLERS)44

80．PEELING TENDENCY(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)48

81．BRITTLENESS(BITUMINOUS ENAMELS)49

Ⅰ:At Normal Temperature49

Ⅱ:At Low Temperatures49

82．DISTORTION UNDER HEAT49

Ⅰ:Flow Test(Bituminous Enamels)49

Ⅱ:Flow Test(Joint Fillers)50

83．POUR-POINT(JOINT FILLERS)51

GROUP(2)-PREMOLDED COMPOSITIONS52

84．SPECIFIC GRAVITY52

85．THICKNESS52

86．WATER RESISTANCE52

Ⅰ:For Electrical Insulation52

Ⅱ:For Molded Plastics53

Ⅲ:For Asphalt Tiles56

Ⅳ:For Expansion Joints and Bridge Planks57

87．ACID RESISTANCE(BATTERY BOXES)57

88．HARDNESS59

Ⅰ:For Electrical Insulation and Plastics59

Ⅱ:For Asphalt Tiles59

89．TENSILE STRENGTH60

Ⅰ:For Electrical Insulation60

Ⅱ:For Molded Plastics60

Ⅲ:For Battery Boxes60

90．COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH61

Ⅰ:For Molded Plastics61

Ⅱ:For Expansion Joints61

91．EXTRUSION UNDER PRESSURE(EXPANSION JOINTS)63

92．FLEXURAL STRENGTH64

Ⅰ:For Rigid Plastics64

Ⅱ:For Nonrigid Plastics64

Ⅱ:For Asphalt Tiles64

93．SHEAR STRENGTH(PLASTICS)64

94．IMPACT RESISTANCE64

Ⅰ:For Molded Plastics64

Ⅱ:For Asphalt Tiles64

95．BRITTLENESS65

Ⅰ:For Molded Plastics65

Ⅱ:For Battery Boxes65

Ⅲ:For Expansion Joints66

Ⅳ:For Bridge Planks67

96．DISTORTION UNDER HEAT67

Ⅰ:For Electrical Insulation67

Ⅱ:For Battery Boxes67

Ⅲ:For Expansion Joints69

97．SOFTENING-POINT69

98．LOSS ON HEATING(PLASTICS)71

99．ELECTRICAL TESTS71

Ⅰ:Dielectric Strength71

Ⅱ:Power Factor and Dielectric Constant71

Ⅲ:Surface and Volume Resistivity71

SEPARATION OF BITUMINIZED AGGREGATE INTO ITS COMPONENTS71

100．MOISTURE72

101．HOT EXTRACTION OF ASPHALTIC BINDERS72

Ⅰ:With Carbon Disulfide72

(A)Analysis of 10-g．to 30-g．Samples73

(B)Analysis of 50-g．to 500-g．Samples74

Ⅱ:With Xylene or Toluene77

Ⅲ:With Pyridine77

102．COLD EXTRACTION OF ASPHALTIC BINDERS78

Ⅰ:With Carbon Disulfide78

Ⅱ:With Methylene Chloride80

103．CENTRIFUGAL EXTRACTION OF ASPHALTIC BINDERS80

Ⅰ:With Carbon Disulfide;Using a Bowl and Felt Filter80

Ⅱ:With Benzol;Using a Bowl and Felt Filter84

Ⅲ:With Carbon Disulfide;Using Glass Tubes84

104．RECOVERY OF COAL-TAR PITCH BINDERS85

Ⅰ:By Flotation with Sodium Carbonate85

Ⅱ:By Centrifuging While Melted87

Ⅲ:By Extracting with Carbon Disulfide and Boiling with Soap Solution88

Ⅳ:By Extracting with Carbon Disulfide and Treating with Acid88

RECOVERED BITUMINOUS BINDER89

105．EXAMINATION OF BITUMINOUS CONSTITUENTS89

RECOVERED MINERAL CONSTITUENTS89

106．GRANULARMETRIC ANALYSIS91

Ⅰ:For Aggregates92

Ⅱ:For Coarse Particles94

Ⅲ:For Mineral Fillers95

Ⅳ:For Particles Finer than 200 Mesh97

Ⅴ:For Microscopic Particles98

107．SURFACE MOISTURE IN FINE AGGREGATES98

108．ABSORPTWE CAPACITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AGGREGATES100

Ⅰ:For Coarse Aggregates100

Ⅱ:For Fine Aggregates102

Ⅲ:For Fillers(Asphalt Adsorption)104

109．UNIT WEIGHT OF AGGREGATES105

110．SUNDRY CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES107

Ⅰ:Clay-lump Content107

Ⅱ:Soundness107

Ⅲ:Toughness107

Ⅳ:Abrasion Resistance107

CHAPTER 2EXAMINATION OF BITUMINIZED FABRICS108

PHYSICAL TESTS OF FINISHED PRODUCT109

111．WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA109

Ⅰ:For Saturated Felts and Textiles109

Ⅱ:For Smooth-roll,Mineral-surfaced Roll Roofing and Cap Sheets111

Ⅲ:For Mineral-surfaced Shingles112

112．THICKNESS113

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Felts113

Ⅱ:For Bituminized Papers113

113．TENSILE STRENGTH115

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Felts115

Ⅱ:For Bituminized Papers116

Ⅲ:For Bituminized Textiles116

114．BURSTING STRENGTH OF BITUMINIZED FELTS AND PAPERS117

115．TEARING STRENGTH OF BITUMINIZED FELTS AND PAPERS117

116．PLIABILITY118

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Felts and Textiles118

(A)With Mandrel118

(B)With Reeve and Yeager Tester120

Ⅱ:For Bituminized Papers122

117．BLOCKING RESISTANCE OF BITUMINIZED PAPER AND BOARD124

118．WATER ABSORPTION OF BITUMINIZED FELTS,PAPERS,AND TEXTILES126

119．MOISTURE RESISTANCE128

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Felts128

Ⅱ:For Bituminized Papers128

Ⅲ:For Bituminized Textiles129

120．BLEEDING OF BITUMINIZED PAPERS129

121．DISCOLORATION OF ASPHALT ROOFINGS AND SHINGLES130

122．BLISTERING OF ASPHALT ROOFINGS AND SHINGLES131

Ⅰ:At Atmospheric Pressure131

Ⅱ:At Reduced Pressure131

123．LOSS ON HEATING133

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Felts,Papers,and Textiles133

Ⅱ:For Asphalt Roll Roofing,Cap Sheets,and Shingles134

124．ELECTRICAL TESTS134

Ⅰ:Of Sheet Insulating Materials134

Ⅱ:Of Laminated Sheet Insulating Materials134

Ⅲ:Of Adhesive Insulating Tape134

Ⅳ:Of Varnished Cloths and Varnished Cloth Tapes134

125．SPECIAL TESTS FOR INSULATING TAPE134

Ⅰ:Cold Adhesion134

Ⅱ:Tackiness136

Ⅲ:Number of Pinholes137

Ⅳ:Parallelism137

Ⅴ:Thickness137

Ⅵ:Tensile Strength137

Ⅶ:Dielectric Strength138

SEPARATION OF BITUMINIZED FELTS,PAPERS,AND TEXTILES INTO THEIR COMPONENTS138

126．MOISTURE CONTENT138

127．ANALYSIS OF SATURATED FABRICS(SINGLE LAYERED)138

Ⅰ:Recovery of Bituminous Constituents and Fabric138

Ⅱ:Retained Carbonaceous Matter in Desaturated Felt or Paper140

Ⅲ:Ash Content of Desaturated Felt or Paper141

128．ANALYSIS OF SATURATED AND COATED FABRICS(SINGLE LAYERED)141

Ⅰ:Recovery of Detached Mineral Matter144

Ⅱ:Recovery of Desaturated Fabric146

Ⅲ:Ash Content of Desaturated Fabric147

(A)For Felt147

(B)For Paper147

Ⅳ:Recovery of Bituminous Saturant149

(A)For Bituminized Felts149

(B)For Waxed Papers149

Ⅴ:Recovery of Bituminous Matter from Top and Bottom Coatings151

Ⅵ:Recovery of Mineral Matter151

Ⅶ:Compilation of Results152

128a．ANALYSIS OF ASPHALT INSULATED SIDINGS154

RECOVERED BITUMINOUS COATINGS AND SATURANT162

129．EXAMINATION OF BITUMINOUS CONSTITUENTS162

RECOVERED MINERAL SURFACINGS AND ADMIXED MINERAL FILLER163

130．GRANULARMETRIC ANALYSIS163

Ⅰ:For Coarse Mineral Surfacings163

Ⅱ:For Fine Mineral Surfacings and Fillers(＂Stabilizers＂)165

Ⅲ:Fineness Factor of Mineral Fillers(＂Stabilizers＂)167

131．EXAMINATION OF GRANULES169

Ⅰ:Pigment Fixation169

(A)Gravimetric Method169

(B)Qualitative Boil Method171

Ⅱ:Color Stability172

(A)Leaching172

(B)Acid Discoloration172

Ⅲ:Blooming(Efflorescence)173

(A)Cold Bloom Test173

(B)Hot Bloom Test174

Ⅳ:Adhesion of Granules to Asphalt Coating175

Ⅴ:Staining177

Ⅵ:Atmospheric Sooting178

Ⅶ:Tendency to Induce Blistering179

Ⅷ:Hygroscopicity180

Ⅸ:Abrasion Resistance181

RECOVERED FABRIC182

132．WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA182

Ⅰ:For Felt182

(A)Moisture Content183

(B)Corrected Number183

(C)Shive Content of Defibered Wood and Roofing Felt183

Ⅱ:For Paper186

(A)Moisture Content186

(B)Conditioned Weight189

Ⅲ:For Textiles192

133．THICKNESS OF FELT,PAPER,AND TEXTILES193

134．TENSILE STRENGTH193

Ⅰ:For Felt193

Ⅱ:For Paper195

(A)Dry Strength195

(B)Wet Strength197

Ⅲ:For Textiles199

(A)Grab Method199

(B)Raveled-strip Method200

(C)Cut-strip Method200

135．BURSTING STRENGTH OF PAPER AND FELT200

136．TEAR STRENGTH203

Ⅰ:For Felt and Paper203

(A)Crosswise203

(B)Edgewise206

Ⅱ:For Textiles208

137．FOLDING ENDURANCE OF PAPER209

Ⅰ:With Schopper Tester209

Ⅱ:With M．I．T．Tester209

Ⅲ:Effect of Heat209

138．PERMEABILITY AND WETTABILITY OF PAPER209

Ⅰ:Vapor Permeability209

Ⅱ:Gas Permeability209

Ⅲ:Wettability209

Ⅳ:Wet Curl209

Ⅴ:Moisture Expansibility209

Ⅵ:Water-soluble Acidity or Alkalinity209

139．POROSITY OF FELT AND PAPER209

Ⅰ:For Porous Papers210

Ⅱ:For Semiporous Papers212

Ⅲ:For Nonporous Papers214

140．SATURATION PROPERTIES OF FELT216

Ⅰ:Saturating Speed216

(A)Suspended Vertically216

(B)Suspended Horizontally217

Ⅱ:Saturation Capacity217

(A)Kerosene Number(Vacuum Method)217

(B)Kerosene Number(Burette Method)219

141．FLAMMABILITY220

142．FIBER COMPOSITION221

Ⅰ:General Stain226

(A)Herzberg Stain226

(B)＂C＂ Type Stain226

(C)Wilson＇s Stain229

Ⅱ:Identifying Coniferous and Deciduous Wood Fibers229

Ⅲ:Identifying Bleached and Unbleached Wood Fibers(Modified Bright Stain)231

Ⅳ:Identifying Unbleached Sulfate(Kraft)and Unbleached Sulfite Wood Fibers(Lofton-Merritt Stain)232

Ⅴ:Identifying Bleached Sulfate and Bleached Sulfite Wood Fibers(Alexanders Stain)233

Ⅵ:Identifying Alpha,Beta,and Gamma Cellulose Fibers234

Ⅶ:Identifying Pentosans234

Ⅷ:Identifying Jute234

Ⅸ:Identifying Flax and Hemp234

Ⅹ:Identifying Wool234

Ⅺ:Identifying Rayon235

Ⅻ:Identifying Fibers in Textiles236

CHAPTER 3EXAMINATION OF BITUMINOUS-SOLVENT COMPOSITIONS237

PHYSICAL TESTS OF FINISHED PRODUCT237

143．SPECIFIC GRAVITY237

144．VISCOSITY238

145．PLASTICITY AND MOBILITY239

146．FLASH-POINT239

147．APPLICATION CHARACTERISTICS239

Ⅰ:Brushability,Workability,and Spreading Capacity239

(A)For Lacquers and Paints239

(B)For Plastic Cements239

Ⅱ:Dipping Properties240

Ⅲ:Spraying Properties240

Ⅳ:Draining Properties240

Ⅴ:Drying Time241

(A)For General Use241

(B)For Lacquers,Varnishes,and Japans241

(C)For Heat-resisting Enamels243

(D)For Calking Compounds243

148．DRY-FILM CHARACTERISTICS244

Ⅰ:Hiding Power244

Ⅱ:Color244

Ⅲ:Gloss244

Ⅳ:Light Reflection245

Ⅴ:Thickness245

Ⅵ:Shrinkage and Tenacity(of Calking Compounds)247

Ⅶ:Hardness,Adhesion,Abrasion,etc248

(A)Adhesion or Bond of Calking Compounds249

Ⅷ:Flexibility and Elongation250

Ⅸ:Water Resistance250

(A)Immersion Resistance250

(B)Humidity Resistance250

(C)Blistering Resistance250

(D)Corrosion Resistance250

Ⅹ:Heat Resistance250

(A)For Insulating Varnishes and Japans250

(B)For Fibrous Roof Coatings251

(C)For Plastic Cements251

(D)For Calking Compounds252

Ⅺ:Oil Resistance252

(A)Against Transformer Oil252

(B)Against Gasoline252

Ⅻ:Gas Resistance252

(A)Bell-jar Method252

(B)Oven Method252

ⅩⅢ:Acid and Alkali Resistance253

ⅩⅣ:Dielectric Strength253

SEPARATION OF BITUMINOUS-SOLVENT COMPOSITION INTO ITS COMPONENTS253

149．RECOVERY OF SOLVENT AND NONVOLATILE CONSTITUENTS253

Ⅰ:By Evaporation253

(A)On Glass Plate253

(B)On Metal Dish254

(C)In Vacuum Oven255

Ⅱ:By Dry Distillation255

Ⅲ:By Steam Distillation256

Ⅳ:By Electrical Titration260

150．EXAMINATION OF THE SOLVENT260

151．RECOVERY OF WATER262

Ⅰ:By Distillation262

Ⅱ:By Titration262

152．RECOVERY OF PIGMENT AND FILLER262

Ⅰ:For Paints and Enamels262

(A)Centrifuge Method262

(B)Super-centrifuge Method263

Ⅱ:For Fibrous Roof Coatings263

Ⅲ:For Plastic Cements263

153．EXAMINATION OF PIGMENT AND FILLER263

154．RECOVERY OF BINDER264

Ⅰ:In Absence of Pigments and Fillers264

Ⅱ:In Presence of Pigments and Fillers264

155．EXAMINATION OF BINDER264

CHAPTER 4EXAMINATION OF BITUMINOUS DISPERSIONS268

PHYSICAL TESTS OF FINISHED PRODUCT268

156．METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION268

157．PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS269

Ⅰ:Uniformity269

Ⅱ:Homogeneity(Under Microscope)269

Ⅲ:Sieve Test269

Ⅳ:Settlement Test271

Ⅴ:Application Behavior272

Ⅵ:Flexibility272

Ⅶ:Heat Resistance273

158．DETERMINATION OF pH VALUE274

159．STABILITY ON AGING274

160．VISCOSITY274

161．DEMULSIBILITY275

Ⅰ:With Calcium Chloride275

Ⅱ:With Ferrous Sulfate276

Ⅲ:With Aggregate(＂Coating Test＂)276

Ⅳ:With Portland Cement(＂Cement-Mixing Test＇)277

162．MISCIBILITY WITH WATER278

Ⅰ:For Quick-setting Emulsions278

Ⅱ:For Medium-and Slow-setting Emulsions278

163．EFFECTS OF FREEZING280

164．WATER RESISTANCE AFTER SETTING280

Ⅰ:Without Aggregate280

(A)Flow Under Heat(Slide Test)281

(B)Effect of Water281

Ⅱ:Mixed with Aggregate282

Ⅲ:Mixed with Soil285

165．SPECIAL TESTS FOR PAINT EMULSIONS286

Ⅰ:Wet Flow286

Ⅱ:Setting Characteristics286

Ⅲ:Heat Resistance287

Ⅳ:Flexibility287

Ⅴ:Water Resistance287

Ⅵ:Stability288

SEPARATION OF BITUMINOUS DISPERSION INTO ITS COMPONENTS288

166．RECOVERY OF BITUMINOUS BASE289

Ⅰ:By Distillation289

Ⅱ:By Evaporation291

Ⅲ:By Extraction292

Ⅳ:By Filtration293

167．EXAMINATION OF BITUMINOUS BASE293

168．RECOVERY OF WATER AND VOLATILE OILS293

Ⅰ:By Distillation293

Ⅱ:By Evaporation295

169．EXAMINATION OF DISPERSING AGENTS296

CHAPTER 5WEATHERING TESTS298

EFFECTS OF WEATHERING298

170．ACTUAL WEATHERING TEST304

Ⅰ:For Bituminized Fabrics304

Ⅱ:For Bituminous-solvent Compositions310

Ⅲ:For Crude,Refined,or Blended Bituminous Substances310

171．TESTING THIN FILMS311

172．VOLUME OF OXYGEN ABSORBED315

Ⅰ:In Melted Condition315

Ⅱ:In Solution315

173．ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST316

Ⅰ:For Bituminous Substances and Bituminized Fabrics330

Ⅱ:For Preformed Expansion Joints341

Ⅲ:For Bituminous-solvent Compositions342

174．MODIFIED ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST,BASED ON IN-CREASE OF WATER-SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS353

175．MODIFIED ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST,BASED ON IN-CREASE IN PENTANE-INSOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS357

176．ACCELERATED TEST OF THE BENZOL EXTRACT DERIVED FROM OILY CONSTITUENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS361

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE363

REFERENCES365

INDEX OF SUBJECTS405

INDEX OF SPECIFICATIONS417

INDEX OF NAMES(Authors and Patentees)424

INDEX OF PATENTS432