《THE NEW WESTERN WAY OF WAR》求取 ⇩

Introduction1

1: The New Western Way of War from Vietnam to Iraq4

The crisis of modern Western warfare4

The Falklands-Malvinas War (1982)7

After the Cold War: the Gulf War (1991)12

'Humanitarian intervention' and the Kosovo War (1999)17

The Global War on Terror: from Afghanistan (2001) to Iraq (2003)23

Conclusion28

2: Theories of the New Western Way of War29

A Western way of war30

The revolution in military affairs32

The new American way34

Spectator-sport, virtual and virtuous war36

Ways of war, modes of warfare39

Ways of war in total warfare42

3: The Global Surveillance Mode of Warfare47

The world military order and military globalization47

New wars and Western wars52

Transition to the global mode of war54

Segmented globality, diverse ways of war59

Massacre and denial in global warfare65

Types of war, wars as imagined economies67

4: Rules of Risk-Transfer War71

1: Wars must respond to plausible perceptions of risk to Western interests, norms and values71

2: Wars must be limited in the risks they create for Western polities, economies and societies72

3: Wars are exercises in political risk-taking, therefore they must minimize electoral risks for governments and (if possible) maximize their gains74

4: Wars must anticipate the problems of global surveillance75

5: Wars must be strictly time-limited: these are quick-fix wars76

6: Wars must be limited spatially to distant zones of war77

7: Wars must, above all, minimize casulaties to Western troops79

8: Western forces should rely heavily on airpower and look to others - as far as possible - to take risks on the ground81

9: The enemy must be killed: efficiently, quickly and discreetly82

10: Risks of 'accidental' civilian casualties must be minimized, but small massacres must be regarded as inevitable84

11: Wars rely on 'precision' weaponry to sustain their legitimacy87

12: Suffering and death must be unseen: indirect, less visible and less quantifiable life-risks are more acceptable88

13: Longer-term post-war risks must be spread as widely as possible through an international division of labour89

14: 'Humanitarianism' and 'humanitarian' organizations must be annexed to compensate for violence against civilians91

15: Media management is essential: it maintains the narratives that explain the images of war92

Risk-transfer war and militarism94

War and risk theory95

5: Iraq: Risk Economy of a War98

Defining and imagining political risks99

Risk-exposure and risk-experience106

1: Western military personnel - the 'blood price'107

2: Civilians - the 'equation' with soldiers' lives109

3: Indirect risks - 'unseen' harm112

Measuring the risk economy: the body counters115

Risk rebound: life-risks and political risks123

6: A Way of War in Crisis129

Militarisms of massacre130

'Just-war' theory and risk-transfer war133

Human rights and the illegitimacy of war135

Crisis of the new Western way of war139

Alternatives to war?141

Postscript143

Notes146

References and Bibliography168

Index175

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