《THE LAW OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION A BOOK FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL》

1. INTRODUCTION1

The Police Profession1

Criminal Investigation3

Police Authority4

Uniform Law6

Questions for Discussion9

2. THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE11

Mapp v. Ohio11

Scope of the Exclusionary Rule14

Standing16

Questions for Discussion18

Problem Cases18

3. ARREST21

The Fourth Amendment22

Arrest23

Pendergrast v. United States25

Ellis v. United States26

Probable Cause27

When Is an Person "Arrested"?30

Arrest on a Warrant31

Questions for Discussion34

Problem Cases35

4. THE USE OF FORCE39

Deadly Force40

Questions for Discussion42

Problem Cases42

5. STREET INVESTIGATION46

A Brief Stop (and Frisk)46

Terry v. Ohio48

Stop for Identification51

Brown v. Texas52

Unlawful Investigative Detention54

Dunaway v. New York54

Questions for Discussion55

Problem Cases56

6. ROADBLOCKS AND VEHICLE STOPS62

General Regulation and Investigative Stops64

Self-Protection65

Limitations66

Questions for Discussion67

Problem Cases67

7. SEARCH AND SEIZURE: WITHOUT A SEARCH WARRANT71

Search and Seizure72

Search Incident to an Arrest73

United States v. Chadwick75

The Occupant of an Automobile76

Automobiles78

Chambers v. Maroney78

South Dakota v. Opperman81

Jailhouse Search84

United States v. Edwards84

Hot Pursuit and other Exigent Circumstances86

Warden v. Hayden87

Seizure89

Summary91

Questions for Discussion91

Problem Cases92

8. SEARCH AND SEIZURE: WITH A SEARCH WARRANT97

The Requirement of a Warrant97

Probable Cause101

The Place To Be Searched101

The Things To Be Seized103

Scope of the Search106

Persons on the Premises106

Ybarra v. Illinois106

The Conduct of a Search107

Questions for Discussion109

Problem Case110

9. SEARCH AND SEIZURE: WITH CONSENT111

Real Consent112

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte112

An Appropriate Person115

Consent Applicable to the Search118

Questions for Discussion120

Problem Cases120

10.EAVESDROPPING, WIRETAPPING, AND SECRET SURVEILLANCE122

General Principles122

Katz v. United States123

Further Applications125

Eavesdropping with the Consent of a Party126

Undercover Agents127

Lewis v. United States127

Occasional Police Agents128

Entrapment129

Questions for Discussion130

Problem Cases131

11.THE STATION: BOOKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS133

Booking135

Examinations and Tests140

Questions for Discussion142

12.LINEUPS143

The Fourth and Fifth Amendments144

After Formal Criminal Proceedings Begin: The Assistance of Counsel144

United States v. Wade145

Before Formal Criminal Proceedings Begin: Due Process of Law148

Kirby v. Illinois148

Pre-Arrest Identification150

Photographic Displays150

Questions for Discussion152

Problem Cases153

13.QUESTIONING159

Voluntary Confessions160

Spano v. New York161

The Privilege Against Compulsory Self-Incrimination166

The Miranda Rules167

Custodial Interrogation168

Orozco v. Texas169

The Conduct of Questioning171

The Right to Counsel173

Massiah v. United States174

Brewer v. Williams174

United States v. Henry175

Further Applications of the Privilege Against Compulsory Self-Incrimination176

Questions for Discussion178

Problem Cases178

14.PREPARING FOR PROSECUTION185

Keeping a Record187

Appearing as a Witness188

Questions for Discussion189

Index191

About the Author195