《WHAT'S WRONG WITH DEMOCRACY?》

Introduction1

1. Athenian Society and Government19

Athens and Polis Government20

Athens after Solon's Rearms26

Athenian History in the Classical Period31

2 Democracy and Demagogues: Election, Voting, and Qualifications for Citizenship41

Qualifications for Citizenship45

Did the Demos Rule Well?49

Leaders versus Demagogues: The Case of Pedicles54

Modern Confusion about Election68

3 Public Finance: Democracy and the People's Purse72

The Spoils of Battle and the Fruits of the Earth (483/2-431)73

War, Taxes, Debt, and Revolution (431-399)85

Digression: Democracy and the Athenian Self lmage92

Epilogue: Paying the Public or Funding the Military? (399-322)95

4 Foreign Policy I: Democracy Imperial100

Early Athenian Ambitions in the Aegean (ca. 561-49o)101

The Persian Wars and the Creation of the Athenian Empire (ca. 490-463)105

Reversed Alliances and Continuing Expansion (ca. 462/I-430s)111

5 Foreign Policy II: The Peloponnesian War117

The Effects of the Peloponnesian War117

Digression: Historical Causation and the Aesthetics of History119

Prelude to War124

Pedicles and the Causes of the Peloponnesian War127

The Peloponnesian War (431-404)131

6 National Defense: Democracy Defeated143

A Fourth-Century Empire?143

The Rise of Macedon and the End of Athenian Democracy147

7 Democracy and Religion163

Digression: Man's Desire for Society166

Athens and the Integral Society168

Modern America and the Religion of Democracy175

Freedom, Choice, and Diversity181

Conclusion: Socrates, Pedicles, and the Citizen187

Socrates and Panicles as Citizens and Leaders198

NOTES203

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY279

INDEX297