《SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POLICY ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIES》求取 ⇩

1. INTRODUCTION1

Objectives3

The Main Issues4

Past Work12

Scope and Outline13

2. THE PRESENT SITUATION17

Air Quality17

The Transport Sector21

The Power Sector27

The Petroleum Sector30

3. VALUATION OF HEALTH DAMAGE COSTS33

Health Effects33

Local Air Emission damage Valuations35

Lead43

4. ECONOMICS OF IMPORTED FUELS47

Price consistency47

LNG52

Price Volatility53

5. RESOLVING TECHNOLOGY AND FUEL CHOICE PROBLEMS FOR POWER GENERATIN60

Assumptions and Approach60

Screening Curve analysis62

LNG71

Clean Coal Technologies77

Financial Analysis79

The Present Situation87

Conclusions88

6. THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION93

Price Elasticities95

Theory104

The value of Time: Empirical Estimates106

Impact of a Congestion Toll109

Economic Analysis111

Other Options for Reducing Congestion115

7. THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF FUEL PRICE DISTORTIONS134

Conversion of Passenger Cars to LPG134

Tax Equalization on Gasoline and Diesel Fuel142

8. INTRODUCING UNLEADED GASOLINE155

The Myths157

Technical Aspects158

Tax Incentives161

Economic Analysis162

9. OPTIONS FOR GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS166

The Power Sector166

Results186

The Implications of Alternative Transport Scenarios193

10. DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY: A REAL OPTIONS FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON TRADING202

Sources of Uncertainty and the Real Options Approach202

Applying the Options Approach206

11. RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION217

Measuring Economic Benefits of Rural Electrification218

The Solar Homes Programme222

Village Hydro230

12. SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY242

The Power Sector242

Priorities for the Transportation Sector245

Local Environmental Impacts251

The Petroleum Sector253

Renewable Energy for off-Grid Electrification254

The Main Priorities255

Bibliography258

Index271