《THE LUNG CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS SECOND EDITION》求取 ⇩

PART Ⅰ1

1．INTRODUCTION TO PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY1

2．THE LUNG VOLUMES7

A．Vital Capacity and Its Subdivisions7

B．Residual Volume and Functional Residual Capacity；Thoracic Gas Volume13

C．Total Lung Capacity23

3．PULMONARY VENTILATION27

Ⅰ．Volume of Pulmonary Ventilation34

A．Frequency(Rate)of Breathing34

B．Tidal Volume(Depth of Breathing)34

C．Respiratory Dead Space37

D．Alveolar Ventilation Per Minute42

E．Hypoventilation of the Lungs44

F．Hyperventilation of the Lungs49

G．Diagnosis of Hypo-and Hyperventilation50

H．The O2-CO2 Diagram51

I．Regulation of Ventilation51

J．Pulmonary Ventilation During Exercise58

Ⅱ．Uniformity of Alveolar Ventilation60

A．Tests of Uneven Distribution of Inspired Gas65

B．Causes of Uneven Ventilation72

C．Effects of Uneven Ventilation74

4．THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION AND VENTILATION/BLOOD FLOW RATIOS77

ⅠPressures，Resistance，Flow and Volume78

A．Pressures78

B．Resistance to Flow in Pulmonary Circulation82

C．Flow84

D．Volume86

Ⅱ．Distribution of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow：Ventilation/Blood Flow Ratios87

A．Causes of Uneven Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow87

B．Effects of Uneven Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow89

C．Tests of Uneven Ventilation in Relation to Blood Flow101

5．DIFFUSION111

A．Factors Influencing Diffusing Capacity114

B．Measurement of Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity117

C．Normal Values for Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity133

D．Laboratory Diagnosis of Impairment of Diffusion135

E．Diffusing Capacity in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Disease137

6．ARTERIAL BLOOD OXYGEN，CARBON DIOXIDE AND pH140

Ⅰ．Arterial Blood Oxygen140

A．The Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curves140

B．Methods of Estimating or Measuring Blood O2143

C．Causes of Anoxemia146

D．Differential Diagnosis of Anoxemia Caused by Respiratory or Cardiopulmonary Disease147

E．Non-Pulmonary and Non-Respiratory Causes of Anoxia149

F．Effects of Anoxemia and Anoxia150

Ⅱ．Arterial Carbon Dioxide and pH151

A．CO2 Transport152

B．Methods for Measuring CO2 and pH155

C．Significance of Changes in Arterial Blood PCO2156

D．Effects of Marked Deviations in Arterial Blood PCO2157

E．Carbon Dioxide，pH and Acid-Base Balance158

7．MECHANICS OF BREATHING162

A．Compliance of Lungs and Thorax163

B．Airway Resistance178

C．Tissue Resistance：Pulmonary Resistance189

D．Cohesion190

E．Inertia191

F．The Work of Breathing191

G．Maximal Inspiratory and Expiratory Forces195

Tests of Over-All Mechanical Function of Lungs and Thorax196

PART ⅡCLINICAL APPLICATIONS204

8．A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATION OF PULMONARY FUNCTION204

9．PATTERNS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION IN CARDIOPULMONARY AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS211

Pattern of Aging212

Pattern of Hypoventilation213

Pattern of Diffuse Obstruction of Small Airways220

Pattern of Impaired Diffusion232

Pattern of Restriction238

Pattern of Right-to-Left Shunt243

Pattern of Uneven Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow246

Pattern of Pulmonary Vascular Congestion252

Pattern of Precapillary Obstruction in Pulmonary Circulation253

10．PULMONARY DISABILITY256

Causes of Pulmonary Disability256

Dyspnea257

Compensation for Pulmonary Disability263

Preoperative Evaluation of Pulmonary Function270

11．RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS BEFORE，DURING AND AFTER ANESTHESIA276

12．PHYSIOLOGIC THERAPY281

Ⅰ．Respiratory Disorders with Apnea or Severe Alveolar Hypoventilation281

A．Speed in Initiating Therapy282

B．Open Airway282

C．Non-Mechanical Methods for Producing Pulmonary Ventilation284

D．Mechanical Methods for Producing Pulmonary Ventilation285

E．Stimulation of the Respiratory Center289

Ⅱ．Cardiopulmonary Disease291

A．Therapy for Intermittent or Chronic Bronchiolar Obstruction291

B．Correction of Decreased Compliance301

C．Direct Increase in Alveolar Ventilation302

D．Oxygen Therapy305

E．Treatment of Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation316

PART Ⅲ(Appendix)323

USEFUL DATA，EQUATIONS AND CALCULATIONS323

Ⅰ．General323

A．Typical Values for Pulmonary Function Tests323

B．Predicted and Normal Values for Pulmonary Function Tests325

C．Symbols and Abbreviations Used by Pulmonary Physiologists330

D．The Gas Laws331

Ⅱ．Alveolar Ventilation and Pulmonary Blood Flow334

Ⅲ．Alveolar-Capillary Diffusion349

Ⅳ．Alveolar Gas-Arterial Blood Po2 and PCO2 Differences358

Ⅴ．Mechanics of Breathing360

Selected References365

Index379