《AUTOMATION IN PRACTICE》

Ⅰ.What is Automation?1

AUTOMATION AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS2

THE CONCEPT OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL5

THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF PRODUCTION9

SOME BASIC EXAMPLES OF AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION10

THE PROBLEMS OF AUTOMATION16

Ⅱ.Automatic Controls19

PRODUCT AND PROCESS CONTROL19

TYPES OF CONTROL DEVICES22

ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS23

COORDINATED DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS28

USE OF TAPE AND PUNCHED CARD CONTROLS30

AN AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION SYSTEM32

Ⅲ.Pneumatic Control Devices33

AIR POWER CYLINDERS33

FORCES IN AIR CYLINDER OPERATIONS34

PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVES36

SOME EXAMPLES OF PNEUMATIC CONTROLS40

PNEUMATIC STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT46

Ⅳ.Hydraulic Control Devices49

HYDRAULIC PUMPS50

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE CYLINDERS51

HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES55

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE BOOSTERS56

ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS58

HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED OPERATIONS59

CAM-ACTUATED HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS61

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC CONTROLS62

HYDRAULIC STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT65

Ⅴ.Electric and Electronic Control Devices66

SERVOMECHANISMS66

AUTOMATIC TIME CONTROLS70

CONTROL OF WORK-HANDLING AND PROCESSING73

ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE DETECTION SYSTEM74

ELECTRONIC MACHINE CONTROL FOR MULTIPLE TOOLS76

ELECTRONIC DUPLICATORS78

Ⅵ.Automation in Materials Handling and Assembling83

MATERIALS HANDLING SYSTEMS84

CONVEYOR SYSTEMS86

AUTOMATIC MATERIALS FEEDING89

AUTOMATION OF ASSEM-BLING OPERATIONS92

Ⅶ.Automation in Production of Metals97

OPENHEARTH FURNACES99

CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL99

VACUUM STEEL100

THE CONTINUOUS ROLLING MILL101

AUTOMATIC QUALITY CONTROL OF STEEL105

CONVEYORS FOR STEEL COILS106

NON-FERROUS METALS106

Ⅷ.Automation in Metal Casting Processes109

MECHANIZED MATERIALS HANDLING109

AN AUTOMATIC MOLDING SYSTEM113

PERMANENT MOLD CASTINGS117

AUTO-MATIC SHELL MOLDING118

BLAST CLEANING OF CASTINGS119

Ⅸ.Automation in Mechanical Working of Metals122

MATERIALS HANDLING IN FORGING OPERATIONS122

AUTOMATIC CONVEYOR FURNACES124

COLD FORGING127

HOT EXTRUSION128

COLD EXTRUSION131

Ⅹ.Automation in Pressworking of Metals138

OBJECTIVES IN AUTOMATED PRESSWORKING140

AUTOMATIC FEED PRESSES141

AUTOMATIC TRANSFER PRESSES146

AUTOMATIC PROGRESSIVE FORMING MACHINE156

AUTOMATIC MUL-TI-SLIDE PRESS157

Ⅺ.Automation of Metal Cutting Operations160

WORK HANDLING IN AUTOMATIC MACHINING162

CIRCULAR IN-DEXING163

STRAIGHT IN-LINE INDEXING167

CONSTANT TRAVEL AUTOMATION170

UNITIZED AUTOMATION174

SECTIONIZED OR SEGMENTED AUTOMATION175

PALLET-TYPE TRANSFER MACHINES176

AUTOMATIC GRINDING MACHINES178

Ⅻ.Automation in Heat-Treating of Metals190

MODERN HEAT-TREATING EQUIPMENT191

AUTOMATIC INDUCTION HEAT-TREATING193

AUTOMATIC HEAT-TREATING SYSTEM199

CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES204

MECHANIZED HANDLING IN HEAT-TREATING208

ⅩⅢ.Automation in Metal Joining Operations210

HIGH-SPEED WELDING OPERATIONS212

AUTOMATIC ARC WELDING214

AUTOMATIC WELDING MACHINES218

ASSEMBLY WELDING MACHINES223

BRAZING FURNACES228

ⅩⅣ.Automation in Inspection and Quality Control231

DIMENSIONAL CONTROL231

QUALITY CONTROL AND STATISTICAL SAMPLING234

AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND GAGING PROCESSES239

AUTOMATIC GAGING SYSTEMS242

MAGNETIC INSPECTION248

Index256