《CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS》求取 ⇩
作者 | MORRIS B·JACOBS PH·D 编者 |
---|---|
出版 | INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC NEW YORK |
参考页数 | 501 ✅ 真实服务 非骗流量 ❤️ |
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Ⅰ.Introduction and Sampling1
1.Introduction1
(a)Definitions2
(b)Classification3
2.Sampling4
(a)Accuracy of Sampling4
(b)Sampling Instruments5
(c)Sampling Methods8
From Loaded Tank Car or Other Large Vessel8
From Barrels and Drums8
Sampling Data9
(d)Preparation of Sample9
(e)Final Disposition of Sample10
3.Amount of Solvent in a Tank Car or Drum10
Gauging of Quantity of Solvent in a Tank Car10
Volume of Solvent in 55-Gallon Drum13
Ⅱ.Physical and General Methods17
1.Determination of Specific Gravity17
(a)Balances18
Westphal Balance18
Specific Gravity Balance20
(b)Pycnometers20
Pycnometer20
(c)Specific Gravity Spindles24
Hydrometer24
(d)A.P.I.Gravity28
2.Boiling Point and Boiling Range29
At Barometric Pressure30
At Reduced Pressure32
U.S.P.Method Ⅰ33
U.S.P.Method Ⅱ34
3.Vapor Pressure and Evaporation Rate35
(a)Vapor Pressure35
Reid Method36
(b)Evaporation Rate38
Watch Glass Method41
Dietrich Variation41
Porcelain Dish Method41
Hofmann Dish Method41
Filter Paper Method42
Bent and Wik Method42
Jolly Balance Method42
Evap-O-Rotor45
4.Nonvolatile Matter45
5.Water46
Turbidity Method46
Immiscible Solvent Distillation Method47
Refractometer Method48
Smith and Bryant Method48
Fischer Method49
6.Solubility of Water in Solvent and of Solvent in Water53
Solubility of Water in Solvent53
Solubility of Solvent in Water54
7.Acidity54
(a)Total Titratable Acidity54
(b)pH55
8.Total Titratable Alkalinity55
9.Ash56
10.Residual Odor56
11.Extractions and Separations57
(a)Partition Law57
(b)Apparatus58
Jacobs-Singer Separatory Flask58
Continuous Extractors60
Countercurrent Distribution61
12.Iodine Value62
Hanus Iodine Value62
Wijs Iodine Value63
13.Bromine Number64
Lewis and Bradstreet Modification64
Electronic Method65
14.Sulfur Test66
15.Doctor Test67
16.Corrosion Tests68
Copper Corrosion Test69
Copper Strip Corrosion Test for Oils69
Copper Strip Corrosion Test for Gasoline70
Copper Strip Corrosion Test for Petroleum Naphtha70
Steel Strip Corrosion Tests for Steam-Turbine Oils70
Mercury Corrosion Test71
17.Acid Heat Test71
18.Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point71
Mixed Aniline Point71
19.Kauri Butanol Number72
20.Dimethyl Sulfate Value72
21.Butyl Acetate Dilution Ratio73
22.Heptane Number74
Ⅲ.Physical Chemical Methods75
1.Refractometry75
Abbe Refraetometer75
Dispersion78
Immersion Refraetometer79
Molecular Refraction80
2.Color and Colorimetry83
(a)Color84
Hue84
Brightness84
Saturation84
(b)Color Measurement85
Nessler Tubes85
Tag-Robinson Colorimeter85
Union Colorimeter86
Hellige Comparator86
Saybolt Chromometer86
Klett Colorimeter86
Lovibond Tintometer87
3.Folarimetry87
Polarimeter89
Angular Rotation90
Specific Rotation90
Molecular Rotation91
4.Viscometry92
Absolute Viscosity92
Kinematic Viscosity92
Fluidity93
Viscometcrs93
(a)Capillary Tube Viscometers93
Ostwald Viscometers94
Bingham and Jackson Method94
Ubbelhode Yiscometer97
(b)Orifice Viscometers98
(c)Falling Weight Viscometers99
Falling Ball Viscometer99
(d)Torsion Viseometers100
(e)Bubble Viscometers102
5.Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension102
Types of Measurement103
Ring Method103
Stalagmometer105
6.Flash Point105
Tag Closed Tester106
Tag Open Cup Tester109
Pensky-Martens Closed Tester110
Cleveland Open-Cup Tester111
7.Congealing Point111
8.Melting Point111
9.Blush Resistance113
10.Dilution Ratio114
Ⅳ.Physiological Effects of Industrial Solvents117
1.Effect of Solvents on the Human System117
Saturated Hydrocarbons118
Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons118
Cyclic Hydrogenated Hydrocarbons118
Aromatic Hydrocarbons119
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons119
Alcohols119
Glycols and Alcohol-Ethers119
Aldehydes and Ketones119
Ethers119
Acids119
Esters119
Aniline and Coal-Tar Derivatives120
2.Organic Solvents as Agents causing Dermatitis120
3.Toxicity of Organic Solvents121
4.Probable Safe Concentration Limits of Exposure for Solvent Vapors122
Ⅴ.General Methods for the Determination of Solvent Vapors131
1.Explosive Limits132
2.Detectors133
(a)Combustion Type Detector133
Jones Gas Detector133
(b)Catalytic Type Detectors133
U.C.C.Methane Detector133
M.S.A.Detectors134
Davis Vapotester135
3.Adsorption Methods135
(a)Adsorption by Silica Gel135
(b)Adsorption on Equilibrated Activated Charcoal138
(c)Adsorption and Distillation140
(d)Adsorption and Extraction140
4.Physical Chemical Methods140
(a)Gas Interferometer140
(b)Conductivity Methods142
(c)Absorption of Radiant Energy142
Quartz Spectrophotometer143
(d)Vapor Pressure144
(e)Other Physical Methods145
Ⅵ.General Methods for the Analysis of Solvent Mixtures147
1.Fractional Distillation147
2.Analysis of Solvent Mixtures149
Goldman Method150
Volatile Solvents and Thinners of Lacquers154
Weber's Method156
I.G.Method159
3.Analysis by Functional Groups163
(a)Chemical Methods163
(b)Physical Methods164
Electrical Measurements165
Polarographic Methods165
Amperometric Measurements166
Potentiometric Measurements166
Conductometric Measurements168
Polarized Electrode Titrations168
High-Frequency Titrations169
Ⅶ.Paraffin and Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Turpentine171
A.Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Distillates171
1.Flammability and Vapor Pressure171
(a)Flammability Ratings171
(b)Vapor Pressure171
2.Gasoline173
3.Petroleum Benzine174
(a)A.S.C.Requirements175
(b)U.S.P.Requirements175
4.Petroleum Distillates176
(a)Petroleum Spirits or Mineral Spirits177
(b)White Spirit178
(c)Paint Benzine179
(d)Stoddard Solvent179
(e)Varnish Makers' and Painters'Naphtha179
(f)Heavy Petroleum Spirits179
(g)Kerosene180
(h)Other Petroleum Distillates180
(i)Benzene Substitute180
5.Analysis of Petroleum Products and Significance of Various Tests180
(a)Gravity A.P.I.181
(b)Specific Gravity181
(c)Flash and Fire Points181
(d)Sulfur Test181
(e)Doctor Test182
(f)Odor Test182
(g)Color Test182
(h)Copper Strip Corrosion Test182
(i)Steel Strip Corrosion Test183
(j)Acid Heat Test183
(k)Aniline Point183
(l)Kauri Butanol Number184
(m)Distillation Test184
(n)Dimethyl Sulfate Value184
(o)Butyl Acetate Dilution Ratio184
(p)Evaporation Test185
(q)Iodine Number185
(r)Bromine Number185
(s)Standard Distillation Method185
(t)Separation of Paraffin from Aromatic Hydrocarbons192
(u)Aromatic Compounds in Benzine194
6.Mineral Oil195
(a)Light Mineral Oil196
B.Turpentine and Terpene Hydrocarbons196
1.Turpentine196
(a)N.F.Requirements197
(b)Analysis198
2.Dipentene204
Ⅷ.Benzene,Aromatic and Hydrocyclic Hydrocarbons205
A.Benzene Homologues205
1.Benzene205
(a)Properties205
(b)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements206
(c)Industrial Benzol207
(d)Separation and Detection211
(e)Determination213
2.Toluene221
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements221
(b)Industrial Toluene223
(c)Detection224
(d)Determination224
3.Xylene227
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements227
(b)Industrial Xylene228
(c)Detection and Determination228
4.Solvent Naphtha229
5.Ethylbenzene232
6.Cumene232
7.Mixtures232
(a)Aromatic Hydrocarbons232
(b)Paraffins in Aromatic Hydrocarbons233
(c)Benzene and Toluene234
(d)Benzene and Toluene in Solvent Mixtures236
(e)Toluene-n-Butyl Alcohol-Water Mixtures238
B.Cyclic Hydrocarbons240
1.Cyclohexane240
2.Cyclohexene240
3.Styrene240
C.Condensed Ring Hydrocarbons241
1.Tetralin241
2.Decalin242
3.Mixtures243
Ⅸ.Halogenated Hydrocarbons247
Beilstcin Test247
Sulfur Lamp Method248
Fajans Method250
Goldman Modification251
A.Chlorinated Hydrocarbons252
1.Dichloromethane252
(a)U.S.P.Requirements252
(b)Detection and Determination253
2.Chloroform253
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements253
(b)Detection and Determination255
3.Carbon Tetrachloride256
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements257
(b)Detection and Determination258
4.Ethylene Dichloride(1,2-Dichloroethane)261
5.Tctrachloroethane261
6.Pentachloroethane262
7.Dichloroethylene263
8.Trichloroethylene263
(a)U.S.P.Requirements264
(b)Detection and Determination264
9.Tetrachloroethylene267
(a)U.S.P.Reqnirements267
(b)Detection and Determination268
10.Allyl Chloride269
11.Chloroprene270
12.Mixtures270
(a)Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Alcohol-Ester Mixtures270
(b)Carbon Tetrachloride,Dichloromethane,and Trichloro-ethylene271
(c)Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Benzine and Benzene271
(d)Carbon Tetrachloride in Chloroform272
(e)Dichloroethylene in other Chlorinated Hydrocarbons273
(f)Trichloroethylene in other Chlorinated Hydrocarbens273
13.Chlorobenzene273
14.Dichlorobenzene274
B.Brominated Hydrocarbons275
1.Methyl Bromide275
(a)Detection275
(b)Determination275
2.Ethyl Bromide277
3.Ethylene Dibromide278
(a)Detection278
(b)Determination278
C.Chlorine-Bromine Compounds278
Monobromomonochloromethane278
D.Oxyhalogenated Hydrocarbons279
1.Dichloroethyl Ether279
Detection and Determination279
2.Ethylene Chlorohydrin280
3.Propylene Chlorohydrin281
4.Mixtures281
Ethylene and Propylene Chlorohydrins281
Ⅹ.Alcohols283
Acethydroxamic Acid Test283
p-Nitrobenzoie Acid Esters283
Xanthate Reaction284
Acetyl Value286
Smith and Bryant Method288
Hydroxyl Value289
Primary Alcohols290
Oxidation to Acid291
Nonaqueous Solvent Titration292
1.Methyl Alcohol293
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements293
(b)Detection295
(c)Determination297
2.Ethyl Alcohol298
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements298
(b)Detection300
(c)Determination302
3.n-Propyl Alcohol304
(a)U.S.P.Requirements304
(b)Detection304
4.Isopropyl Alcohol305
(a)U.S.P.Requirements305
(b)A.S.T.M.Specifications305
(c)Detection306
(d)Determination307
5.n-Butyl Alcohol307
(a)U.S.P.Requirements308
(b)A.S.T.M.Requirements308
(c)Detection and Determination308
6.Isobutyl Alcohol309
(a)U.S.P.Requirements309
(b)Detection310
7.sec-Butyl Alcohol310
8.Amyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol311
(a)U.S.P.and A.C.S.Requirements311
(b)Synthetic Amyl Alcohol312
(c)Detection312
(d)Determination313
9.Higher Alcohols315
10.Capryl Alcohol316
11.Allyl Alcohol316
12.Cyclohexanol317
(a)Detection317
(b)Determination318
13.Methylcyclohexanol319
14.Benzyl Alcohol319
15.Alcohol Mixtures320
(a)Ethyl and Methyl Alcohol320
(b)Ethyl and Isopropyl Alcohol322
(c)Ethyl and Butyl Alcohol323
(d)Methyl Alcohol and Formaldehyde324
(e)Alcohols and Aldehydes324
(f)Alcohols in Motor Fuel325
Ⅺ.Glycols,Polyhydroxy Compounds,and Ethers327
A.Glycols327
Cyclopentanol Reaction327
Acetyl Value327
1.Ethylene Glycol328
(a)Specifications329
(b)Detection329
(c)Determination330
2.Propylene Glycol330
(a)U.S.P.Requirements330
(b)Specifications331
(c)Detection and Determination332
3.Butylene Glycol332
4.Mixtures332
(a)Ethylene Glycol and 1,2-Propylene Glycol332
B.Alcohol-Ethers333
Dichromate Oxidation333
1.Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether335
2.Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether336
3.Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether337
4.Diethylene Glycol337
5.Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether338
6.Methoxybutanol339
7.Mixtures339
(a)Glycol and Glycol Ethers339
(b)Glycol,Propylene Glycol,Glycerol,and Diethylene Glycol340
(c)Glycol,Glycerol,and Propylene Glycol342
C.Polyhydroxy Alcohols343
1.Glycerol343
(a)U.S.P.and A.C.S.Requirements344
(b)Detection346
(c)Determination346
D.Ethers353
1.Ethyl Ether353
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements354
(b)Absolute Ether355
(c)Determination356
(d)Ether and Ethyl Alcohol356
2.Isopropyl Ether357
3.Vinyl Ether358
(a)U.S.P.Requirements358
(b)Detection and Determination359
4.Dioxane360
(a)U.S.P.Requirements and Commercial Specifications360
(b)Detection360
Ⅻ.Acids and Esters363
A.Acids363
1.Acetic Acid363
(a)U.S.P.and A.C.S.Requirements364
(b)Detection365
(c)Determination366
2.Acetic Anhydride366
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements367
(b)Detection and Determination368
3.Formic Acid368
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements369
(b)N.F.Requirements370
(c)Detection371
(d)Determination372
4.Propienic Acid372
5.Butyric Acid373
6.Lactic Acid373
(a)N.F.Requirements374
(b)Detection375
(c)Determination376
7.Mixtures376
(a)Fatty Acid Mixtures376
(b)Acids and Aldehydes377
B.Esters377
General Saponification Method377
Saponifieation Value378
Ester Value379
By Electrical Methods380
Special Procedures381
Saponification Equivalents of High-Boiling381
1.Methyl Acetate383
2.Ethyl Acetate384
(a)U.S.P.Requirements384
(b)85 to 88 Per Cent Grade385
(c)N.F.Requirements385
(d)Detection and Determination386
3.Propyl Acetate386
4.Isopropyl Acetate386
(a)95 Per Cent Grade387
(b)85 to 88 Per Cent Grade387
(c)Detection and Determination388
5.Butyl Acetate388
(a)88 to 92 Per Cent Grade388
(b)Determination389
6.Isobutyl Acetate389
7.see-Butyl Acetate389
8.Amyl Acetate and Isoamyl Acetate390
(a)U.S.P.Requirements391
(b)Synthetic Amyl Acetate391
(c)Fusel Oil Amyl Acetate392
(d)Determination392
9.see-Amyl Acetate392
10.Butyl and Amyl Acetate Mixtures393
11.Methyl Formate393
12.Ethyl,Butyl,and Amyl Formates394
13.Butyl Propionate395
14.Ethyl Carbonate395
(a)Specifications396
(b)Deternfination396
15.Ethyl Oxalate396
16.Triacetin397
(a)Detection397
(b)Determination398
17.Phthalates399
18.Ester Mixtures400
(a)Esters and Aldehydes401
(b)Esters and Oils402
(c)Esters of Acids not Readily Volatile with Steam403
C.Polyfunctional Esters403
1.Ethyl Acetoacetate403
(a)Specifications404
(b)Determinations404
2.Ethyl Lactate405
3.Ethyl Chloroformate405
4.Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate406
5.Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate407
D.Esters of Inorganic Acids407
1.Trio-o-cresyl Phosphate407
(a)A.S.T.M.Specifications408
(b)Determination410
2.Ethyl Silicate411
ⅩⅢ.Ketones and Aldehydes413
(a)Detection413
Hydrazide Reaction413
(b)Determination413
Ripper's Method413
Bisulfite Absorption Method415
Neutral Sulfite Absorption Method417
Hydroxylamine Method417
Stillman-Reed Alkaline Hydroxylamine Method418
Hydroxylamine-Pyridine Method419
Iodometric Phenylhydrazine Method422
Phenylhydrazine Method423
Silver Oxide Method423
A.Ketones423
1.Acetone423
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements424
(b)A.S.T.M.Specifications425
(c)Detection425
(d)Determination426
2.Ethyl Methyl Ketone428
3.Methyl Propyl Ketone429
4.Butyl Methyl Ketone430
5.Isobutyl Methyl Ketone430
6.Mesityl Oxide431
(a)Detection and Determination431
7.Cyclohexanone432
(a)Detection432
(b)Determination433
8.Methylcyclohexanone433
9.Isophorone433
B.Alcohol Ketones434
Diacetone Alcohol434
(a)Detection435
(b)Determination435
C.Dicarbonyls435
1.Acetylacetone435
2.Acetonylacetone437
D.Aldehydes438
1.Formaldehyde438
(a)U.S.P.Requirements for Formaldehyde Solution439
(b)Detection439
(c)Determination440
2.Acetaldehyde445
(a)Specifications446
(b)Detection446
(c)Determination446
3.Furfural447
(a)Detection448
(b)Determination449
4.Benzaldehyde449
(a)N.F.Requirements449
(b)Determination450
5.Mixtures451
(a)Aldehydes and Ketones451
(b)Carbonyl Compounds and Acids452
E.Acetals452
Acetal453
ⅩⅣ.Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds455
Kjeldahl-Gunning-Arnold Method456
Pregl-Parnas-Wagner Micro Method457
A.Aliphatic Amino Compounds459
Nonaqueous Solvent Titration459
1.Ethylamine460
2.Propylamines461
3.Butylamines461
4.Amylamines462
5.Dialkylamines462
6.Mixtures of Amines463
B.Aminoalcohols(Ethanolamines)465
1.Ethanolamine and Diethanolamine465
2.Triethanolamine466
C.Nitroparaffins467
1.Nitromethane467
2.Nitroethane468
3.Nitropropanes468
D.Chloronitroparaffins469
1.1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane469
(a)Determination469
2.1-Chloro-1-nitropropane470
(a)Determination470
E.Nitriles471
Acrylonitrile471
(a)Determination471
F.Aromatic Nitrogen Compounds473
1.Nitrobenzene473
(a)Detection473
(b)Determination474
2.Aniline474
(a)A.C.S.and U.S.P.Requirements475
(b)Detection475
(c)Determination475
G.Heteroeyclic Compounds476
1.Pyridine476
(a)U.S.P.Requirements476
(b)Detection477
(c)Determination477
2.Morpholine480
(a)Detection481
(b)Determination481
3.Ethylenimine481
4.Pyrrole482
H.Sulfur Compounds483
1.Carbon Disulfide483
(a)A.C.S.Requirements483
(b)Detection484
(c)Determination484
2.Thioglyeolic Acid485
3.Allyl Isothiocyanate486
Index489
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高度相关资料
- INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS HANDBOOK Second Edition
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- 1947 BRITISH INTELLIGENCE OBJECTIVES SUB-COMMITTEE
- HANDBOOK OF ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS
- 1976 ELLIS HORWOOD LIMITED
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- 1987 AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- 1991 ACADEMIC PRESS INC.
- INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS HANDBOOK 1970 TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS
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- INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS
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