《Aircraft design：a conceptual approach》

Chapter 1. Design—A Separate Discipline1

1.1What Is Design?1

1.2 Introduction to the Book1

Chapter 2. Overview of the Design Process3

2.1Introduction3

2.2 Phases of Aircraft Design4

2.3 Aircraft Conceptual Design Process7

Chapter 3. Sizing from a Conceptual Sketch11

3.1Introduction11

3.2 Takeoff-Weight Buildup11

3.3 Empty-Weight Estimation12

3.4 Fuel-Fraction Estimation14

3.5 Takeoff-Weight Calculation23

3.6 Design Example: ASW Aircraft24

Chapter 4.Airfoil and Geometry Selection33

4.1 Introduction33

4.2 Airfoil Selection33

4.3 Wing Geometry47

4.4 Biplane Wings65

4.5 Tail Geometry and Arrangement67

Chapter 5.Thrust-to-Weight Ratio and Wing Loading77

5.1 Introduction77

5.2 Thrust-to-Weight Ratio78

5.3 Wing Loading84

5.4 Selection of Thrust-to-Weight and Wing Loading99

Chapter 6.Initial Sizing101

6.1 Introduction101

6.2 Rubber-Engine Sizing102

6.3 Fixed-Engine Sizing108

6.4 Geometry Sizing109

6.5 Control-Surface Sizing113

Chapter 7.Configuration Layout and Loft117

7.1 Introduction117

7.2 End Products of Configuration Layout117

7.3 Conic Lofting123

7.4 Conic Fuselage Development129

7.5 Flat-Wrap Fuselage Lofting135

7.6 Circle-to-Square Adapter136

7.7 Fuselage Loft Verification137

7.8 Wing/Tail Layout and Loft139

7.9 Aircraft Layout Procedures149

7.10 Wetted Area Determination150

7.11 Volume Determination152

Chapter 8.Special Considerations in Configuration Layout155

8.1 Introduction155

8.2 Aerodynamic Considerations155

8.3 Structural Considerations158

8.4 Radar Detectability165

8.5 Infrared Detectability170

8.6 Visual Detectability171

8.7 Aural Signature171

8.8 Vulnerability Considerations172

8.9 Crashworthiness Considerations174

8.10 Producibility Considerations175

8.11 Maintainability Considerations179

Chapter 9.Crew Station, Passengers, and Payload181

9.1 Introduction181

9.2 Crew Station181

9.3 Passenger Compartment185

9.4 Cargo Provisions186

9.5 Weapons Carriage188

9.6 Gun Installation191

Chapter 10.Propulsion and Fuel System Integration193

10.1 Introduction193

10.2 Propulsion Selection193

10.3 Jet-Engine Integration196

10.4 Propeller-Engine Integration220

10.5 Fuel System226

Chapter 11. Landing Gear and Subsystems229

11.1Introduction229

11.2 Landing Gear Arrangements229

11.3 Tire Sizing233

11.4 Shock Absorbers239

11.5 Castoring-Wheel Geometry246

11.6 Gear-Retraction Geometry247

11.7 Seaplanes250

11.8 Subsystems252

Chapter 12.Aerodynamics257

12.1 Introduction257

12.2 Aerodynamic Forces258

12.3 Aerodynamic Coefficients262

12.4 Lift263

12.5 Parasite (Zero-Lift) Drag280

12.6 Drag Due to Lift (Induced Drag)297

12.7 Aerodynamic Codes and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)305

Chapter 13.Propulsion313

13.1 Introduction313

13.2 Jet-Engine Thrust Considerations315

13.3 Turbojet Installed Thrust317

13.4 Thrust-Drag Bookkeeping317

13.5 Installed-Thrust Methodology318

13.6 Piston-Engine Performance325

13.7 Turboprop Performance331

Chapter 14.Structures and Loads333

14.1 Introduction333

14.2 Loads Categories334

14.3 Air Loads335

14.4 Inertial Loads347

14.5 Power-Plant Loads348

14.6 Landing-Gear Loads348

14.7 Structures Fundamentals349

14.8 Material Selection354

14.9 Material Properties357

14.10 Structural-Analysis Fundamentals369

14.11 Finite-Element Structural Analysis389

Chapter 15.Weights385

15.1 Introduction395

15.2 Approximate Group Weights Method399

15.3 Statistical Group Weights Method399

15.4 Additional Considerations in Weights Estimation407

Chapter 16.Stability, Control, and Handling Qualities411

16.1 Introduction411

16.2 Coordinate Systems and Definitions413

16.3 Longitudinal Static Stability and Control414

16.4 Lateral-Directional Static Stability and Control433

16.5 Stick-Free Stability441

16.6 Effects of Flexibility442

16.7 Dynamic Stability443

16.8 Quasi-Steady State446

16.9 Inertia Coupling448

16.10 Handling Qualities449

Chapter 17.Performance and Flight Mechanics455

17.1 Introduction and Equations of Motion455

17.2 Steady Level Flight457

17.3 Steady Climbing and Descending Flight463

17.4 Level Turning Flight467

17.5 Gliding Flight471

17.6 Energy-Maneuverability Methods475

17.7 Operating Envelope483

17.8 Takeoff Analysis486

17.9 Landing Analysis489

17.10 Other Fighter Performance Measures of Merit491

Chapter 18.Cost Analysis501

18.1 Introduction501

18.2 Elements of Life-Cycle Cost503

18.3 Cost-Estimating Methods505

18.4 RDTE and Production Costs506

18.5 Operations and Maintenance Costs510

18.6 Cost Measures of Merit (Military)514

18.7 Airline Economics514

Chapter 19.Sizing and Trade Studies519

19.1 Introduction519

19.2 Detailed Sizing Methods519

19.3 Improved Conceptual Sizing Methods520

19.4 Sizing Matrix and Carpet Plots525

19.5 Trade Studies532

Chapter 20.VTOL Aircraft Design537

20.1 Introduction537

20.2 VTOL Terminology538

20.3 Fundamental Problems of VTOL Design538

20.4 VTOL Jet-Propulsion Options541

20.5 Vectoring-Nozzle Types547

20.6 Suckdown and Fountain Lift551

20.7 Recirculation and Hot-Gas Ingestion552

20.8 VTOL Footprint553

20.9 VTOL Control554

20.10 VTOL Propulsion Considerations555

20.11 Weight Effects of VTOL556

20.12 Sizing Effects of VTOL557

Chapter 21.Conceptual Design Examples559

21.1 Introduction559

21.2 Single-Seat Aerobatic559

21.3 Lightweight Supercruise Fighter603

Appendix A658

A.1Conversion Tables658

A.2 Standard Atmosphere and Shock Tables660

A.3 Airfoil Data687

A.4 Typical Engine Performance Curves717

A.5 Design Requirements and Specifications731

References735

Subject Index739